MEDICAL

Polyps of the colon - a benign Education, at which there is proliferation of glandular epithelium above the level of the mucosa. These growths may be in the form of a mushroom, a ball, hemisphere, may be on the stalk or without it. Polyps are classified by their histological structure, as well as by the factor of their multiplicity. From the size of the polyp depends on the probability of its malignancy – the more the size of the polyp, the greater the likelihood that the polyp can turn into cancer. Multiplicity factor is also important in the prognosis of the disease – the single polyps ozlokachestvlyayutsya less than multiple and have a more favorable prognosis.

The most common so-called gland polyps, reaching up to 2-3 cm in diameter and having a generally foot. The latter sometimes may reach large sizes, allowing greater mobility of polyps, and they may even fall out of the anal canal.

Often there are unique among the polyps, soft to the touch, melkodolchatogo buildings, painted in a reddish color, so-called villiferous polyps (tumors). The latter, because of their mild trauma may podkravlivat, allocate mucus, which, incidentally, is absolutely not a sign of their malignancy. However, these forms of polyps most dangerous in terms of transition cancerous. Majority of patients of colon polyps, asymptomatic and usually identify them by endoscopic study (anuskopiya, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy).

Treatment of polyps of the colon prompt. Proposed in 60 years AM Amineva method of treatment of polyps celandine not found wide application in connection with questionable effectiveness. To date, only surgical removal of polyps or endoscopic means (through rectoscope or colonoscopy) guarantees the success of treatment, surgery is usually not severe, easily carried. After removal of polyps, the patient should be under the supervision of Proctology and inspected them for at least 2 years.

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Acute and chronic paraproctitis paraproctitis (rectal fistula) is, in fact, one disease in its different stages. Usually the disease begins with acute paraproctitis, in which there is an acute purulent inflammation paraproctium. In these cases, the patient appeared progressively worsening pain, swelling and sometimes redness of the anus, the temperature of the body.The cause of this disease lies in the fact that for various reasons, such as constipation, diarrhea, weight lifting, errors in diet, alcohol, cooling, etc., and sometimes for no apparent reason in the anal canal at a height of 2-3 cm in locations, called anal crypts, formed by micro holes through which the infection penetrates paraproctium and there is her acute purulent inflammation. Later in the progression of the disease itself or the abscess is opened out, or reveal his doctors. Then the state of patients improved, the pain passes, the temperature returned to normal, but most are usually formed fistula rectal or chronic paraproctitis. And the "fault" it is the innermost micro (hole) in the anal canal, which is essentially a gateway for infection. 



Typically, patients with fistula complain of discomfort, sometimes pain in the anus, pussy or purulent discharge from the fistula, which may be in a particular place on the skin near the anus (called external opening of fistula). There is another variant of the disease, which is rarer. After opening the acute paraproctitis independent or operational (doctor), acute inflammation in paraproctium gradually pass and the wound completely closed. According to the statistics in these cases, only about 5-10% of patients reached the final recovery. The majority of the same in different periods (weeks, months, years) comes recurrence (repetition) of the disease, most often in the form again and again paraproctitis acute pain, fever. 



In such cases, as indeed in the primary acute paraproctitis optimal is the so-called radical surgery paraproctitis when opening the abscess in addition to liquidated inner hole (micro) in the zone of the anal crypts, which was the actual source of the disease. Such operations are usually carried out by specialists – Coloproctology. 



Fistulas of the rectum are varying degrees of complexity depending on the passage of the fistulous anal sphincter muscle fibers. The more muscle fibers "captured" fistula, the fistula is complex in nature and the more complex the surgery. But in any case only to date method of treatment of fistulas of the rectum is operational, which allows the radical removal of fistulous course and heal the sick. In addition, during the operation may fistula and prompt removal of concomitant hemorrhoids, anal fissures and other diseases that can at once rid the patient of all or at least most of proctological diseases.

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Anal fissure is a slight defect in the mucous at the beginning of the anal canal. The length of this defect rarely exceeds 1 cm disease as a "small", but the problem serious enough.Indeed, the main feature of this disease – it is a pain during or after defecation. The intensity of it may be very small in mild cases, but more pain is enough strong, lasting from several minutes to several hours after stool. Sometimes the pains are so strong that even "on the wall climb. Fear of the chair makes all possible means "to delay, postpone defecation. There may be small blood smear on the paper.

The cause of sharp pain in anal fissure in the fact that a small wound in the anal canal is a strong spasm of the sphincter of the anus (the muscle that keeps stool). Spasm, in turn, causes pain and prevents the fracture to heal. There is a so-called "vicious circle". This explains the duration of the disease and difficulties in its treatment. When the duration of the disease within a short period (usually about 1 month) doctors say acute anal fissure, over 1 month – chronic. Why is it important to know? Because if an acute anal fissures can be treated by conservative means, then treated as a chronic – is extremely ungrateful.

The causes of anal fissure

Causes of anal fissure enough: constipation, diarrhea, heavy physical work, prolonged sitting, as well as long distance, taking spicy foods, alcohol. Sometimes the obvious reasons not identified.

How to treat anal fissures (treatment of anal fissures)

Treat acute anal fissure may be conservative, if the pain is not expressed. Primarily excluded spicy food and alcohol. To facilitate a bowel movement and reduce injury anal canal well help counter oil enema (50 g of sunflower oil + 150 g of warm water in the enema-bulb of 200 ml). Most assistance is provided by thermal procedures in all types: warm sit baths, heating pads on the perineum. Often people use the cold bath, which is not entirely correct, because the cold causes a spasm, and the heat relaxes the muscles, thereby decreasing sphincter spasm and pain subside. Used as a candle, the choice of which to date is great. It is important to know the general rule, the introduction of the candles: it is desirable to use a candle, to stretch the hands and after introduction into the anus once it does not push, and hold it at the level of the anus for 2-3 minutes and then push the rest of the candles in the anal canal.The introduction of the same candles immediately and "to the limit" it, not having time "to work in the anal canal, falls into the ampoule of the rectum.

Severe pain in anal fissure

Well, if severe pain, but with a pronounced spasm? In these cases, use so-called poluoperativny method of treatment of anal fissures. Defined it is the removal of spasm of the sphincter of the rectum, after which the crack "automatically" heal. This happens as follows. The factory produces an injection of the anesthetic into the soft tissue between the sacrum and coccyx. The whole area of rectal pain killers and relax, then the anal canal freely and without pain, we introduce a special pnevmoballonchik for 5-7 minutes. This is quite enough to relieve spasm of the anal sphincter. The crack, after manipulation, self-heal within 7-10 days, with the nearest chair is no longer so painful. Home patients go through hours 1,5-2 hours after the anesthesia will be held. The method is easily portable, has proved itself in practice.

Chronic anal fissures

Chronic anal fissures is better to operate. Of course you can treat it, and nausea (interrupt attack of illness), its aggravation, but the effect is usually temporary, with the subsequent return of the disease. The operation itself is not complicated, usually lasts no more than 10 minutes. After epidural-sacral anesthesia in anal canal entered spray for 5-7 minutes on the method described above. Immediately after its removal is bloodless excision crack radiowave scalpel (Surgitron). In general, surgery for anal fissures in this method is relatively easily tolerated by patients. After surgery, patients within 2-4 hours in day care under the supervision of medical staff and after the briefing go home. A week after the operation indicated marked clinical improvement with the absence of pain and spasm of the anal sphincter. Complete wound healing occurs in about 20 days time. Disability is usually from 0 to 7 days depending on the nature of work and an average of 3 days.

Anal fissures in conjunction with hemorrhoids. This combination is found in proctology quite often. In normal cases, removed the internal and external hemorrhoids on the generally accepted rules followed by excision of anal fissures by the method described above. In some cases, the combination of anal fissures with hemorrhoids, but with pronounced circular external hemorrhoidal nodes produce combined operation. The postoperative period did not differ from that, as with hemorrhoids.

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Cold and heat are two fundamental concepts in the system of human interaction with the environment. The way most people cold is the embodiment of hostile elements, a source of constant danger and discomfort. Heat the contrary is credible and location associated with the comfort and well-being.

From a physical point of view of cold and heat relative terms, in a first approximation determined by the difference in body temperature and environment with which it interacts. If the body through contact with the external environment loses heat, the feeling of cold. If the ambient temperature, air, water, and whether the object which touches the surface of the skin above body temperature, there is a sensation of heat. In most cases the environment somewhat colder than the surface of the body, so people constantly lose a certain amount of heat. The number assigned to the heat does not exceed the physiological norm (about 50 W/m2) and constantly feeling cold does not arise. If you change the conditions of heat removal, for example, to hide part of the body clothing, there is a feeling of warmth, despite the fact that the clothing initially colder body.

Subjective feelings of heat and cold associated with the direction and intensity of heat transfer, in some cases can artificially weaken or intensify these sensations. In the course of this struggle for survival was a genetic fear of all living things to heat and cold, having mastered the methods of simulation of overheating or freezing, you can learn how to use this fear to prevent and cure many diseases.

The ability of warm-blooded animals and humans maintain a constant body temperature, allowed them to win in the evolutionary struggle to occupy the upper levels in food chains.Thermoregulatory system is so important to preserve the advantages of this species over others, that has a high priority over the other senses. The reaction of the organism to exposure to cold on the severity of the reaction is second only to asthma. Powerful stimulating effect on the physical safety factor is given in the hands of doctors and patients a universal weapon for combating serious diseases.

On the healing properties of cold mentioned by the ancient physicians, Avicenna and Hippocrates in his work reported the healing properties of cold compresses. Predilection is known for cold procedures Catherine II and Alexander Suvorov.

Today, thanks to the development of cryogenic technology available to physicians were ultra-low temperature, before applying cold disclosed unprecedented horizons. A most striking example of a paradoxical reaction to skin contact with cryogenic environment is a relatively new method of treating diseases of musculoskeletal system – cryogenic therapy (cryotherapy).

Cold Against Rheumatism

Japanese scientist Dr. Toshima Yamauchi developed a completely new and unusual way to treat rheumatic diseases. He heals the sick with a cold. The results of Toshima Yamauchi speak for themselves. Only 10 years after his clinic was about two thousand patients with the most advanced forms of rheumatic diseases. About 80% of patients almost completely got rid of the pain and returned to normal life.

By Toshima Yamauchi: "One can say that I helped the case. As a student, I passed the practice in one of the clinics. Even then, looking at how patients suffer from rheumatoid arthritis and how difficult it is for medical staff to help them, I began to think about the search for new, more effective ways to treat them. So, before the New Year is one of our patients ran home to your family to celebrate a holiday. But before he reached home, got lost, and when a few hours later we found him, he badly froze. I had no doubt that his health has worsened. So much to stay in the cold! To my surprise, he felt much better. This case is planted in my soul the first seed of doubt. I began to carefully look around to other patients. At the winter holidays we have many patients were released home. After warm wards they often come in not heated, ice-covered house. They often had to get out of mats and welcome families. And how strange, they returned to the clinic more alert and mobile. Then I first decided to try to treat rheumatic diseases with the cold.

Now I run a clinic, which is located in the mountains Kiushus, on the southernmost of the four major islands of Japan – Kyushu. This is the world’s only clinic, where the main role in the treatment of rheumatic diseases belong to the cold. How all this looks like in practice?

Our series consists of two phases. The first – treatment of the affected joints of the patient cold, second-long exercise. We receive people with very advanced forms of the disease. Many of them several years bedridden. Therefore, first with a cold, we charge patients pain, promoting relaxation of the joints. The patient is a kriotorium-box for special handling of the whole body.There is served cooled to – 160 ° C air. Man is in a cell no more than 2 to 3 minutes. This procedure is repeated throughout the day several times. After cooling, the patient is sent to the therapy department. Here, with the help of special equipment are beginning to develop the sick limb. We strive to make people perform movements associated with physical exertion.Mechanisms pull, crush, trample, strike all the joints. Incidentally, all equipment designed by our staff. Classes last for up to 10 hours a day. Even at night, when the patients go to bed, we put them on a special mechanical couch. Secured arms and legs to the mechanisms that need to develop joints. The course of treatment lasts several months, and in fact, all this time and day and night, the joints of patients are in motion. We believe that only through continuous exposure may defeat the disease. We treated very difficult. I will tell more about some details. The day begins at 6 o’clock in the morning. Patients face the charge. Under the supervision of doctors, they squatted for several hours, jumping, twisting arms, etc. Every day, each patient must overcome from 2 to 5 thousand steps. Heavy patients ascend the hill on wheelchairs, pushing the earth down. After intensive charging comes breakfast. Patients eat everything, who wants to, not observing a diet. And take food with his hands, even during meals, they try to force the hands to work intensively. In any weather, even if it’s freezing and snowing, our wards bathe.Some just pass through the cooled to 8 degrees Celsius water, others in her delayed longer. Cold water relieves pain, a beneficial effect on human well-being. Then they resume physical exercise.

We understand that the treatment is not easy. Therefore, a large role psychotherapy. For example, patients are divided into two groups. In each there are novices and veterans, who are already preparing for discharge. Looking at patients who received treatment, newcomers regain lost hope for recovery, and exerting all our will to achieve the same results. Veterans of the complaint and stubbornly holding back for a lead beginners. This psychological spike helps people endure hardship. In addition, every week we organize trips to our patients that they did not feel isolated from the world. When patients begin to feel better, we allow them to go shopping in the center.

Specially selected music affects the well-being of our patients. During the exercise, it helps to make them in rhythm. During the morning exercises music invigorates, energizes. That is, we try to ensure that in our clinic every detail was designed to suggestion patient self-confidence in their strength, the desire to recover. However, the main ally and propagandist – is an example of people who were brought to the clinic is not moving, but they went out of her own.

Has long been known that the cold has anesthetic effect. Previously, patients with a temperature put bubbles on the forehead with ice. Burned hand dipped in cold water. This simple procedure to relieve the suffering of patients. Incidentally, I began its procedures with ice. Pits were eventually lined the sick limb pieces of ice, but it was not convenient, and then got the idea to use a dry and cold air.

So, after exposure to cold body temperature for many hours remain high. Thus there is a favorable changes in blood and joint fluid. Our experiments have shown that cold induces the body to develop "antirheumatic" hormones.

In our clinic, the people chained for several years to bed in a week start to move independently. None of the existing modern methods can not provide such a rapid and effective impact. Our treatment is very convenient. It requires all patients voltage physical and spiritual strength, but it brings results. 



After medical treatment, we say their patients that if they want to live and work normally, it must continually develop their joints, not to give them "rust". But life is life, and not all are successful. Nevertheless, as shown by sample data, a third of our patients, even without resorting to regular classes, feel good.

It is encouraging that we were able to fix the joints without surgical intervention, using the cold. Of course, generally speaking, we now difficult. Our method is only beginning to make his own way in life. But I firmly believe that this method of treatment of rheumatic diseases cold eventually prove its right to exist, will be applied as widely and effectively as the old, proven methods.

T. Yamauchi’s merit lies in the fact that by observing the influence of natural cold on patients with rheumatoid arthritis, he failed to notice the positive result, repeatedly found ways to increase physical impact on the system of thermoregulation and skillfully combined with a cryogenic physiotherapy kinesitherapy. Established technique has been successfully applied them to this day in Western Europe. But, being a narrow specialist, he was unable to evaluate the true therapeutic possibilities krioterapevticheskogo impact. The arguments about "antirheumatic" hormones, which are allegedly produced for patients under the influence of cold, show that the author did not understand and did not appreciate the strong nonspecific effect of cold on the whole human organism. As shown by recent studies, the main result of cryogenic treatment is a mobilization and training of the immune system. Enhancement of immune status is making progress in the treatment of arthritic joints.

Narrow view of T. Yamauchi for therapeutic possibilities cryogenic treatment was the cause that sets the behavior of these procedures – cryogenic physiotherapy facilities, used mainly in rheumatology. Not considered the nature of therapeutic action of cold and the possibility of extending this method to other areas of medicine. In Russia, practical cryotherapy started 20 years later, but, unlike Europe and Japan, there cryogenic systems were not implemented rheumatologists, and physiotherapists. Accommodation krioterapevticheskoy equipment in the physiotherapy departments of multi-hospital, created the conditions for the use of cryotherapy in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Changed view on the procedure itself, was established physical theory of cryotherapy and developed a system of quantitative assessment of its results. The presence of the theory is designed to eliminate many of metaphysical confusion about the parameters krioterapevticheskogo impact, to develop science-based technology, the impact on the skin cryogenic temperatures and to organize the production of domestic technology, which greatly exceeds the foreign samples on therapeutic efficacy. Due to its high consumption of cryogenic physiotherapy complexes produced in Russia is actively exported abroad, including in countries that have their physiotherapy cryogenic system. But the main advantage of cryotherapy was a significant expansion of indications for its use. Already today the list of branches of medicine, which is applied as follows:

Of key importance is the study and extensive practical application of immunomodulating effect of cryogenic treatment. Broad prophylactic use of immunostimulation can qualitatively change the situation with the treatment of a number of socially significant diseases.

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If a hurricane in the stomach "caught you at the wrong time, it can be found council.

In December last year, American Airlines plane made an emergency landing before reaching the destination. It was caused by complaints of people on the strong smell of burning matches in the cabin. Boxes found on the seat of one of the passengers. At the scene called in the FBI. The investigation revealed that, lighting matches, the woman attempted to disguise the smell of their own intestinal gas. Because of the apparent lack of malicious purposes unfortunate lady quickly released and sent to another flight. Later, commenting on the situation, the agency The Associated Press stated that the attack was due to bloating the health of women.

Flammable zilch

By tales about fires caused by burning match, presents to the place emitted by the "winds", doctors are skeptical, but the fact is not denied: flatus really flammable.

- When power is mostly fatty meat products and certain diseases of the intestine accumulated methane, – says professor Alexei Severtsev. - In the literature describing the explosions gutted during the exhumation and removal of polyps electric scalpel. However, such cases – a rarity. However, before medical procedures, the patient’s intestines cleansed of gases (special diet, enemas, laxatives) in order to avoid "pyrotechnic effects.

In addition to methane pischefabrika within us produces a lot of other volatile and odorous compounds. Their most malodorous of them – hydrogen sulfide, resembling the smell of rotten eggs – said that in the gut to digest animal protein. Sour smell gives an excess of indigestible fiber in the diet – cabbage, beans, radishes, radish, black bread, nuts, and others. As well as beer and kvass. The majority of intestinal "exhaust" smell denied. But the "musical accompaniment" happens from vibration of the walls anus, when well, too much gas at the same time and with great speed breaks free. It is believed that an adult produces from 0,5 to 1,5-2 liters of gas per day. Some of them are absorbed by the intestines back.

Pereel – and "polluted"?

Trouble in the form of increased gas formation and rumbling in the stomach usually occur because of improper nutrition. Everyone knows about the gas hazardous properties of peas and cabbage. But this is not the only provocateurs.

- Passion for Japanese cuisine, exotic food, to which we are genetically engineered not accustomed to, not helpful – explains the deputy director of the SSC Coloproctology Igor Caliph. — У поджелудочной железы не хватает ферментов для переваривания непривычной пищи. Undigested residues begin to rot and ferment in the gut, which is accompanied by release of gases.

But as in the processing of food are actively involved living in the gut microbes, they are also dependent, will be whether all quietly and smell.

- When the beneficial bacteria becomes smaller and more pathogenic (dysbiosis), of this signal increased gas formation and bloating – continues Professor Khalifa. - But the same phenomena may be harbingers of serious disease – irritable bowel syndrome, gastritis, colitis and even cancer. If excessive gassing and the feeling of overcrowding in the stomach do not pass a few days, if there is pain, we must turn to the gastroenterologist or Coloproctology.

Lost

- Reduce the discomfort of overeating sorbents that absorb excess gases, such as activated charcoal or smectic, – says Igor Khalifa. - There is another group of drugs based on simethicone, which breaks up air bubbles into smaller ones, and they are more easily displayed and do not cause overdistension intestinal wall. When dysbacteriosis restore normal intestinal microflora help bifido, lacto-and other beneficial bacteria. But do not expect a supernatural effect from the use of advertised today kefirs and yoghurt, enriched with micro-organisms. To beneficial bacteria reached their destination – and that small and large intestine – they must overcome a long way, where they are hydrochloric acid, enzymes and bile."Survive" a few. For example, the therapeutic effect give 20-30 doses of bifidobacteria in the day, and, say, a 150-gram jar of fermented milk products of about 5. If the cause of increased gas formation has become a disease, not overeating, must treat pancreatitis, gastritis, inflammation of the colon or small intestine. Then delicate problem will be resolved.

To reduce gas formation in the intestine:

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