MEDICAL

Incontinence of stool and gas (anal incontinence) is observed in congenital or acquired anatomical lesions of the sphincter apparatus of the rectum or violation of its central reflex regulation, including psychological, or peripheral nature.

Most experts distinguish three clinically defined by the degree of insufficiency of the sphincter of the anus:

Older people scatacratia often combined with urinary incontinence. On the other hand, a random episode of fecal incontinence caused by a trivial reason (stress impulse in a chair with food poisoning, which in life circumstances can not be immediately satisfied, etc.) may lead to persistent dismorfofobii to be treated by psychiatrists .

Daily, at the same time of day, full-length (with a feeling of complete evacuation) the act of defecation is one of the most important indicators of a healthy organism. Need patience and a good relationship with the patient the doctor to accurately determine the frequency of incontinence episodes and the nature of what in normal circumstances, patients do not like to complain because it is difficult to reliably determine the true incidence of this syndrome. This is especially important for patients of neurological clinics, which care for such patients would have been much easier if the staff (mainly nurses) has been informed patients or their relatives on the individual characteristics of bowel function in their patients.

Separate complex problem - incontinence of feces and gases in children. Basically, this is a sign of congenital or acquired anatomical and functional integrity of the sphincter apparatus of violations of the rectum, such as fistulous forms of anorectal anomalies, malformations of the anus (imperforirovanny anus and others). Как правило, эти тяжелые поражения сочетаются у детей с хроническими запорами, ибо узкое (свищевое) отверстие препятствует опорожнению толстой кишки. If the anus is located correctly and if the sphincteric apparatus is not changed, then it comes to functional incontinence, caused by disorder of the central or peripheral nervous regulation. It is important to bear in mind the possibility of psychological disorders, often associated with the wrong upbringing of the child that a child is not accustomed to timely rhythmic defecation is not brought him the necessary hygiene practices.

Evident incontinence - is the weakening of control over the allocation of solid stool. The cases of incontinence in the normal function of the sphincter of the anus may occur in patients with chronic diarrhea, with prolapse of internal hemorrhoids, as well as by persons who do not follow accepted for civilized human hygiene after defecation. Minimal or partial incontinence occurs when lowering the tone of internal anal sphincter, usually after proctologic operations or complete prolapse of the rectum, as well as the repeated attempts of older people to retain feces.

Treatment

In all cases, there is one and the same problem: where to begin treatment with some form and degree of incontinence?

If incontinence occurs only when diarrhea, should begin by explaining the causes of diarrhea. When it comes to individual episodes of diarrhea, is clearly related to violations of the diet or with sudden changes of the usual food and water quality (travelers diarrhea), the treatment is obvious.

When signs of violation of the innervation of the structures of the pelvic floor can help direct the appointment (external) or vnutrianalnoy electrostimulation. Very important lessons therapy, physical therapy, and especially the method of biofeedback. This development of new physiological inverse relationship, ie development of specific forms of conduct that by training to develop the ability to control physical functions. Since then, both in medical practice includes monitors, dynamically register information about the state coached function, it is possible "learning tool". This is radically different from Pavlov’s classical conditioned reflexes elaborated on the basis of unconditional innate reflexes, for example, food, and the specific responses to stimulation (eg, salivation). In contrast, special exercises are a kind of reward for training in the form of weak recovery function. This is not the development of a new reflex, and the strengthening or restoration of the former function. In this particular case the patient, watching on the monitor of a graphic (the curve) of the normal volitional attempts to reduce the anal sphincter through the long, precise dose of training to achieve improved sphincter function, being able to constantly see the results of their efforts.

Biofeedback technique is the introduction into the anus of the elastic balloon to create a certain vnutrianalnogo pressure. The patient tries to compress its muscles this container, which is recorded on the monitor. In other cases, the sphincter muscle stimulation uses electric current to the "training" and re sphincter control defecation. Currently, there are portable devices and special training anorectal probes for the rectum (the instrument Swan Attika and others). Anal incontinence associated with organic neuro-muscular disorders, can be satisfactorily skorrigirovana using biofeedback. A. GIiaetal. (1998) reported that 26 patients with severe insufficiency of the anal biofeedback method has led to rapid improvement, and this improvement persisted throughout the observation (on average, within 21 months), although the immediate effect was much more pronounced.

Special method autotrenirovki sphincter rectum – biofeedback – is necessary for the initial treatment of patients with anal incontinence. The reaction of the sphincter muscles to such training largely determines the success of further conservative treatment and objectifies the indications for surgical treatment.

In the absence of opportunities to use this method or at least express the degree of violation of the anal Waxes (neuderzhivanie only gases or, occasionally, liquid stool) should begin treatment with the tonic treatment (light exercises, water therapy) and therapeutic exercises muscle sphincter. Methods such a special gym a lot and every proctologist preferred method, which, in his experience, gives the optimum result. In principle, this volitional squeezing and relaxation of the sphincter with a different tempo and duration, but not more than 10 minutes and not more than twice a day (morning and before bed). Repeat, often sick after one or two random episodes of incontinence are beginning to exacerbate their suffering. Biofeedback in recent years has become very popular, although other opinions it is not effective in neurogenic violations anal holding.

Surgical treatment of anal insufficiency should be conducted only in proctological hospitals. Indications for some form of surgical correction are processed on the basis of determining the size and nature of the defect structures of the anal sphincter muscle. If this defect is not more than a quarter of the circumference of the pulp perform sfinkteroplastiku – reveal the sphincter defect, economically excised scars and stitch the muscle two or three ketgutovymi sutures. With large amounts of sphincter defect that often occurs in postpartum perineal deformation is performed anterior sfinkterolevatoroplastika: cut through the skin cross-section, with the help of a hydraulic dissection novocaine defoliate the rectovaginal septum, pleated front wall of the rectum, thus forming anal canal and sphincter muscles take in and levatory. Front sfinkterolevatoroplastika executed even in specialized clinics, leads to the complete success is not always the case.

When the posterior wall defects of the anus is almost similar to techniques back sfinkterolevatoroplastika. In more complex post-traumatic cicatricial deformations, accompanied by severe anal insufficiency, performed various complex reconstructive surgery. The choice of plastic surgery for anal incontinence was subjective in nature, and to select the estimated minimum of three factors: the state chosen for cutting out the muscle graft, the current state of the patient’s closing apparatus and the state of the central and peripheral nervous system.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Beauty – an indispensable component of modern life formula for success. Look young, smart, elegant today as important as succeeding professionally or financially.

It is therefore natural that plastic surgery in the modern world becomes more and more adherents.

The plastic exterior of the improvement is no longer a privilege of the stars and tycoons. Increasingly, ordinary people – such as we are an energetic and highly motivated – at odds with the times.

Plastic surgery today – a fusion of art and precision of technological performance. At the disposal of plastic surgery – not only a scalpel, and laser technology, fiber optic devices, microsurgical techniques. New equipment and materials make surgery less massive, its result – a more predictable and assured. For example, the use of endoscopic technique allows to significantly reduce the cuts, even with a serious operation. A new sutures and bandages to make the patient’s rehabilitation period more comfortable and significantly reduce it. Leading domestic hospitals are not inferior to the western level of equipment.

As for the experience of physicians, we should not forget that the decision of the aesthetic problems are traditionally represented only a third of the total number of transactions in plastic surgery. The vast experience of surgeons, resulting in reconstructive, restorative operations is invaluable in terms of promotion of modern methods and technologies in aesthetic surgery. Discomfort due to the imperfections and flaws in their appearance a person can experience at any age. If the problem is unsolvable by other means, comes to the aid of plastic surgery. Arsenal of its funds are so broad that it allows you to talk about the almost complete absence of patient age restrictions. For example, the most common "baby" operation – correction of prominent ears – already recommended for patients with 6 years of age. Sparing use of modern techniques makes effective aesthetic surgery, even in very old age.

However, a large number of patients, particularly women, concerned about the issue – at what age is best to use the services of aesthetic surgery? The doubts relate primarily plastic face. Experts believe that the first lifting should think for forty years: initial results of aging at this age are already visible, but the skin more elastic, healing is rapid. Certainly, a hard age for all the rules can not be – each individual organism. But for many types of operations rule is: if the flaw is obvious to others and its existence is poisoning your life, you can expect the most impressive results of surgical intervention.

In outlining a timetable for plastic surgery, it should be noted that the full restoration of the body takes time. You are very help yourself if you can at the time "opt out" of the big problems and concerns. The long vacation is absolutely not necessary for most types of surgery, but doctors recommend to reduce the business and emotional stress during the rehabilitation period. With regard to the time of year, then in this respect, there are many prejudices. Many, for example, believe that it is not necessary to plastic surgery in the summer. Meanwhile, in Los Angeles, where the average annual temperature above +20 ° C, the number of successfully practicing Plastic Surgeons – the highest in the world. So the operation is best to plan in accordance with their personal calendar.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Enlarge lips today is elementary: it is one of the simplest and most popular plastic surgeries. Only the results come out very different. How to protect yourself from failure?

Looking at some show-stars with his lips clearly artificial in origin, one wonders: what is it – error doctor, or, to put it mildly, a peculiar taste of the customer? It is quite possible – and then, and more. One of the reasons of economy, pumping more filler-detective "in store", someone caught a low-quality product, others – incompetent doctor … Let us learn from the mistakes of others.

What begins plastic?

With advice on which the physician is licensed to conduct this kind of manipulation, discussed in detail with you which method of correction of lips for you. I always tell you about possible side effects. If no objection, you sign a contract which lists all the risks associated with injections.

Most injections made immediately after the consultation: the doctor in your presence opens a drug shows a quality certificate.Injections made in the center and corners of the lips; a couple of days keeps swelling, but then, if everything was done correctly, can safely look in the mirror and admire the new you.

Yesterday

The first of polyacrylamide and silicone gel-spies for lips were permanent, that is not reabsorbed. And often turned into a time bomb: a few years after the introduction could suddenly start knolls and migrate under the skin. Predicting the behavior of the gel was impossible, but had to remove it surgically, after which often remained scarred. Fortunately, such materials in good clinics no longer use.

VERY IMPORTANT! If you ever injected into the lips permanent spies, be sure to tell your doctor: the old and new fillers can join together in reaction, and what happens is unknown.

Progressive filling

Modern detective may consist of pure hyaluronic acid, and of hyaluronic acid with the addition of synthetic particles – tiny size of 0,001 microns. Microparticles are needed in order to effect swelling longer maintained.

By itself, hyaluronic acid is rapidly broken down and eliminated from the body.

«Сегодня самые распространенные препараты для введения в губы — Рестилайн (производитель — шведская компания Q-MED) и Сурджидерм (французской компании Corneal), — рассказывает врач-косметолог, специалист по контурной пластике Елена Ковтунова. - There are drug Juviderm (French company Liaderm). All these spies are old, well known, how they work, period of validity can be predicted. Resorbed, usually within 6 months.

Detective must enter the lips evenly, and then how to massage them. If cosmetologist fell incompetent or gel low-quality or stale, at the injection site may occur lumps and bumps.

Zakroma homeland

Another way to plump lips – Lipofilling: through a tiny puncture in the ladies zhirok take away from the belly, thighs or buttocks, cleaned and injected into the lips. No pain: a procedure usually performed under local anesthesia.

Autologous fat as a good detective that does not cause allergic reactions.

But Lipofilling there are negatives – for example, it is impossible to predict how long the effect will stay. It may persist for years, and may come to nothing in 2 months.

Most new

Latest achievement in the fight for sensual lips – surgical technique VY, which changes the shape of the lips without any fillers. "On the inside of the mouth mucosa under anesthesia an incision is made in the form of a letter V, which is then stitched in the form of a letter Y, – explains the plastic surgeon, a member of the European Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery and the Israel Medical Association Dmitry Slosser. - After that, her lips are visually bigger.

The rehabilitation period for new items for no longer than after the injections. The stitches do not have to remove – they dissolve themselves. And the effect lasts for a lifetime.

Popularity: unranked [?]

The crisis of crisis, and patients, plastic surgeons are not reduced. This is understandable: in times of economic difficulties, increasing competition not only in the labor market, but also in the marriage and sex market. Willy-nilly you must not look at all 100 and 120 …

Features beauty industry are great, but not unlimited, there are rarely new. But still there.

Make me Britney Spears

Strange ideas roam in people’s minds. Usual Masham and Vasyam suddenly am dying to become indistinguishable from Angelina Jolie or Tom Cruise. And aesthetic surgery is to meet them.

Formed a new type of service – producing twins celebrities. While these oh-oh-ry difficult manipulation of the face and body usually 1 st grade are sky-expensive – several hundred thousand dollars But wishing to reside. So we may well live to see hallucinations such as: "And yesterday I saw in a club as much three Britney Spears!". And do not twist his finger to his temple – comrade, quite possibly, fell victim to a conveyor beauty.

"Fit" for example starts with perelitsovki. That is face with several successive operations closer to the ideal. Then comes the turn of the figure – then abated, there are queer. The only thing difficult – change in growth. Although this surgery is available today, what convinces us an example of a former hairdresser: thigh bone, or tibia break, and then using the Ilizarov apparatus is lengthened by 10-15 cm But not all agree to destroy their limbs, even for an unearthly beauty. However, because no one really knows the growth of celebrities in cm, and the overall impression can be made through the heels.

Add a little water

Liposuction – suck out excess fat with the help of vacuum equipment – a thing of the ordinary. But its science has improved somewhat. When you see a surgeon shuruet long needle into the body of the unfortunate patient to separate the layers of fat from muscle and skin, involuntarily recall evisceration fat chicken.

But unlike the former lemming "chicken" on the operating table alive, so its gentle on the body after the procedure are bruising, bruises and bumps. To them it was as small as possible, the doctors called to the aid of ordinary water.

A hollow needle, which is designed to suck the crushed fat injected under the skin of the stream water. It turns out a kind of emulsion – and suck it easier, and the process of separating fat less traumatic. Jet, or "wet" liposuction is becoming more popular because of the accumulation of fat in certain social groups, the crisis has no effect.

Lift the ears

The lion’s share of all transactions in beauty salons is to remove excess skin. Eyelid Surgery, chest, neck, hands, knees, armpits, finally, the circular face lift – all in order to remove the excess skin stretching, and remainder to tighten again.

But if you attend to this problem is not 60, and 35-40, you can now save the oval face is not so radical way. It’s called "light-lifting. Both ears are made small incisions, then from one to another under the skin is stretched elastic thread. Through the lower jaw and chin thread gently supports the fabric without letting them hang down, and its ends are fixed behind the ears.Operation is performed under local anesthesia, without anesthesia, which also has its advantages.

Waste – in income!

I remember, was the slogan at the time of adjustment: saving must, therefore, they say, all in one place undue could well be useful in another.

Of all social institutions, embodied in his life, it seems, only plastic surgery. At least, this is where the remote as unnecessary body fat is widely used for modeling of the same body.The service is called Lipofilling, and in the last year or two it became just did supervostrebovannoy.

Indeed, why stick to the body, synthetic products, when you can use our own native fat? It is injected into the lips, chin, cheeks, bust, shoulders, etc. With his help equalize where there should be smooth, and rounded off, where should round.

However, over time, fat cells are still wander through the body in search of better lives, but the procedure can be repeated. The good source of building material is practically endless.

Foreign word

In plastic surgery and cosmetology many beautiful words of foreign origin. This is natural – the whole beauty industry and came to us from the West. However, even where it is possible to do Russian synonymous in these clinics prefer to use something French or English. For example, Thermage. In Russian just warming up. Only a special apparatus, which heats tissue under the skin – this is the wavelength.

Under the influence of heat collagen fibers, which is responsible for elasticity, shrinking and hardening – a skin firmer, respectively, and becomes more dense. Authors technique also argue that under the influence of this process, the formation of new collagen fibers, but this statement will leave on their conscience. With age, production of collagen in the body only decreases with increasing speed, and even inserted under the skin special preparations retain its elasticity of not more than 3-5 months. The effect of Thermage, say developers, lasts from year to year and a half. Check can only empirically.

Harder propeller

Last year, several beauty salons have begun offering a new service for getting rid of cellulite. It is called cavitation. Before the term was known only engineers but physicists. It is called the fracture turbine blades or propellers blowing bubbles of gas or vapor. Shlopyvayas, these bubbles create shock wave, which crunched and iron.

Then he hit upon the idea to apply cavitation in medicine – to this effect works lithotripter. This instrument, capable of using electro-waves to destroy kidney stones. But it turned out that the effect of cavitation can be used to fight fat.

At concentrations of fat on the thighs, buttocks, shoulders, sending low-frequency ultrasound. Since man is 80% of the water in place of irradiation in the fat cells there are small bubbles. They increase in size, and then collapse – a kind of place microexplosions. This "bomb" inside the fat cells breaks her shell. Fat follows the intercellular space and the current is removed lymph and blood. That is why the procedure is always require the continuation of cavitation in the form of lymphatic drainage or massage – the fat should be removed.

The secret of the method is that the number of fat cells we have constantly from birth to death. We are only getting fatter due to the accumulation of fat within each such cell. But the more cells it has accumulated, the more it stretched membrane thinner. So, she quickly burst, but after that the cell itself will never be restored. Therefore, in the salons claim that the effect of cavitation is stored on the rest of his life.

Is it safe to ultrasound effect on the body? After all, everyone knows that poke creatures in a microwave is not recommended. But in a microwave oven uses high-frequency ultrasound. A subwoofer is used in many apparatuses for physiotherapy. So, most likely, the new apparatus to deal with fat injury can not bring. Nonetheless, manufacturers warn that you can take only one procedure in 10 days and the entire course to get rid of "problem areas" such as the hips should not be more than 3-4 procedures a row, then need a break.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Many women are confident in the fact that their breasts – are too small. Breast enhancement operation – the decision of psychological problems and a way to make your life happier.

The scientific name of the operation breast augmentation – breast prosthetics.

For many years doctors were thought of an alternative method to the existing method of arthroplasty. Initially, the method of injection when injected into the breast gel or grease. In this case, so that fat caused inflammation, and the gel started to migrate through the body. Difficulties inflammation had to be removed, sometimes with breast cancer. So now the most common and accepted method of breast augmentation in plastic surgery – a prosthesis.

Implant looks like a round bag, having a shell and contains within itself a filler. Envelope prosthesis made of silicone, and filled with a saline or a viscous jelly-like substance.

The choice of fillers during surgery breast augmentation

Until now, medicine is much debate on the topic: "What a filler is still better." Physicians often tend to the filler in the form of saline solution, because it is not alien to the human body, as the human body consists mainly of water. In the case of damage to the shell of the implant, there is a leak. At the same time without problems arising saline is absorbed by the body.But in this case there is a need for a new operation to place another implant, because chest again become flat.

If you use silicone implants with fillers by a solid jelly-like consistency, the problem disappear need a new operation. In the case of damage to the shell of the implant, a firm gel will retain shape and will remain in place. In addition, silicone implants are much more natural to the touch. They are soft and very similar to glandular tissue.

Fizrastvornye implants represent a bag filled with water. Such implants often creates the effect of "unnatural breasts, because they can only take a round shape.

Methods of silicone implants can create different shapes. For the most natural implants are now producing close to the natural breasts – tear-shaped. Most of the breast mass is shifted down, so the top of the breast is not as rounded.

Nevertheless, the feasibility of using silicone in real time remains the subject of harsh debate. In the United States banned the use of silicone, as was the case of detection of breast cancer after plastic surgery. Most surgeons in the world today are skeptical of this fact. Until now, the fact of formation of malignant tumors using silicone found no scientific evidence.Therefore, all popping up that the use of silicone in America can once again be resolved.

Engineering operations to increase breast

Regardless of what the implant used, surgical technique varies slightly.

Dentures are inserted into the chest through small incisions:

The most common method is – a seam under the breast. This method is considered the most secure and reliable, but leaves a seam that is easy to detect if desired.

Possible complications after surgery for breast augmentation

The human body forms scar tissue around the foreign material – whether it is a harmless thread, or breast implants. Therefore, one of the problems of surgery for breast augmentation is a scar. Sometimes it may be too thick, because formed in a membrane of connective tissue. In this case, the chest may be unnaturally firm to the touch.

To avoid such complications in modern medicine is a new technology – textured silicone implants. They represent the same implants, but are covered with microscopic fibers of a certain size. Villi prevent the formation of fibrous capsule, as a transitional zone from the tissues of the body to the prosthesis.

Often decreases the sensitivity of the breast around the nipple, and sometimes even a larger area. This is because the manufacture of pocket for the implant has stretch branchlet tactile nerves to the skin. Sensitivity usually returns after a month or two, and the majority of patients within six months recovering fully. Few patients in different parts of the breast are areas of reduced sensitivity, but they are rarely concerned. If the sensitivity of the nipples is very important for the patient’s sexual life, she should think carefully if she wants to risk reduction in their sensitivity.

Many patients are worried whether the implants will not affect their ability to bear children and not whether breast augmentation surgery have a negative impact on pregnancy and nutrition.No evidence of the existence of such effects is not, so there is no reason to worry about the side effects of this kind. After surgery, breast augmentation is still possible mammography and breast examination.

Popularity: unranked [?]

The first attempts to restore the breast associated with the use of healthy breast tissue to restore the opposite. This method finds supporters and now. To recreate the volume trying to use adipose tissue, liquid paraffin, liquid silicone, silicone gel, rubber, polyethylene and polyvinyl sponge, foam, polyurethane. But these methods give a lot of complications, and today is not used.

A significant step in the development of reconstructive and plastic surgery of breast cancer was the use of silicone implants. Linked with the shell, silicone gel has no negative effect on the surrounding tissue does not alter its physical and chemical properties, devoid of carcinogenicity. However, the use of silicone endoprosthesis did not solve the problems of reconstruction in breast cancer. An important step in the development of reconstructive surgery of breast cancer was the use of dermal-fat grafts to supply muscle legs. With the development of microvascular surgery have developed different versions of the free transplantation of skin-fat flap with a plot of muscles or without a vascular supply to the leg.

Breast reconstruction can be considered finished only after the restoration of the nipple-areolar complex. This is achieved in different ways: local tissues, with the formation of the nipple and areola with imitation tattoos; grafting of the nipple and areola with a healthy hand, more transplant pigmented skin of other body parts.

At the present stage for the restoration of breast surgeons frequently use a variety of options for operations with the use of dermal-fat flap, silicone implants and a combination of different techniques. The method of breast reconstruction are discussing with the patient, explaining to her how to carry out reconstruction, that it expects during the operation and what she would face after the operation. After all, that suffered a woman, she should have the right not only to human relationships, but also to choose.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Aesthetic Rhinoplasty (Rhinoplasty) – a plastic surgery aimed at changing the shape and / or size of the external nose. Objective is the creation of a new harmonious appearance, while maintaining the individual characteristics of faces.

The most suitable age for aesthetic rhinoplasty is the period from 20 to 35-40 years, however, in some cases, surgery can be done at any age.

Rhinoplasty is a surgery and is performed under general anesthesia combined with local anesthesia. In this regard, the patient must undergo a comprehensive examination, including clinical and laboratory examination and consultation of specialists (ENT, physician, anesthesiologist). The success of the operation and the prevention of complications, patients should tell your doctor about the presence of chronic and acute illnesses at the time of the alleged operation, an illness, an allergic reaction to medications, etc. In the case of deviations in the results of clinical and laboratory examination revealed specialists contraindications to the behavior of surgical intervention, as well as meet the requirements of the patient with the expected result, in the operation may be refused.

Methods of plastic surgery Rhinoplasty depends on the tasks facing the surgeon and the existing conditions. The essence of the intervention is to correct bone and cartilage structures that form the skeleton of the nose. There are two methods of carrying out this operation: with external incisions nasal septum ( "open" rhinoplasty) and using only vnutrinosovyh cuts ( "closed" method). When ‘closed’ mode of operation there is one small incision in each nostril, which are not visible from outside and after a while hardly discernible even in the medical examination. After the "open" rhinoplasty remains a scar on the skin of the nasal septum, which is normally little noticed. In addition, sometimes use additional skin incision at the base of the nostrils. Scars after these cuts, as a rule, almost unnoticeable. Both methods allow to obtain good results.

Length of plastic surgery of the nose is strictly individual, and usually lasts 2-3 hours. After rhinoplasty for a few days use vnutrinosovye fixing bandages and tampons.

Rhinoplasty, like any surgery, accompanied by natural changes in the areas of correction. Possible slight pain on the first day. Black eyes remain until 10-14 days. In the early days is usually a swelling of the nose, as visible on the outside and inside, which can manifest nasal congestion. A small swelling of tissues outside of the nose may persist up to 3-4 months, which is usually not noticeable to others. The back and the tip of the nose may temporarily have a reduction of sensitivity. The processes of formation and restructuring of tissues after rhinoplasty usually last up to 6-8 months, in some cases up to 1 year. It is believed that the final result of the operation of the plastic nose can be assessed no earlier than this time.

Terms restore normal levels of social activity depends on individual characteristics and the volume of the operation of Rhinoplasty. Most patients can go to work 4-5 days after surgery.However, during the first months may be some restrictions in the diet, significant physical exertion, sexual activity, smoking and certain activities. Within 5-8 weeks after surgery is not recommended to wear glasses in a heavy frame.

Since each operation Rhinoplasty requires careful individual planning, any emerging issues related to the upcoming operation, should be discussed at the consultation.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Plastic surgery aimed at removing excess soft tissues of the anterior abdominal wall (skin and subcutaneous fat layer), with its sagging or various defects, often acquired character (disfigured scars, striae (stretch marks), etc.). This operation can be combined with liposuction of subcutaneous fat of individual regions for figure correction, the need for which arises in the case of stretching the muscles abdominal skin after pregnancy, which in combination with weight loss leads to sagging.

The indications for surgery are:

At full or partial abdominoplasty achieved very good results in patients with weakened abdominal muscles or excess skin. In most cases the effect persists for a long time, if to observe a balanced diet. The final result of the operation depends not only on the skill of the surgeon, but also on the individual patient and compliance with all recommendations of the doctor.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Liposuction – surgery to remove excess deposits of subcutaneous adipose tissue and correction of body contours. The harmony of lines, a slim figure, great mood and self-confidence – this is the effect of a liposuction procedure.

Indications for liposuction

Local deposits of subcutaneous fat in any "intractable" areas of the body. At present, it is assumed that any part of the human body can handle liposuction.

By the advantages of liposuction include:

Should remember that liposuction is not a treatment for general obesity.

Engineering operations

The choice of anesthesia depends on the procedure. There are several types of liposuction:

The method chosen depends on the individual patient, the structure and location of deposits of subcutaneous fat. Duration of liposuction varies from 30 minutes to several hours.

Rehabilitation after liposuction

Recommended stay in hospital 1-3 days. Approximately 1-2 weeks you can engage in daily affairs. During the month is not recommended for sports activities, visits to the solarium and sauna. Surgeons advised to wear a special compression garment for at least a month after liposuction. The closest result of the surgical procedure can be evaluated after 1,5 month, but the final effect will be evident in 4-6 months.

Frequently Asked Questions for consultation

I have been in a gym, sitting on a diet, and "riding breeches" in the hips do not disappear. Is it possible with the help of calf reduction help me?

Yes. Liposuction can remove excess deposits of subcutaneous fat in places that are "not responding" on exercise and diet. This person (cheeks, double chin), neck, shoulders, back, stomach, lower back, buttocks, legs (thighs, saddlebags, leg).

How long does the effect after liposuction?

Effect, namely a slim figure and harmony of lines of the body preserved for a long time.

If you remove the excess fat in one place, not whether he will appear in another?

No, the deposition of subcutaneous adipose tissue depends on the food, rather than from performing surgical procedures. If you follow proper food after the removal of excess subcutaneous fat, the slim figure persists for a long time.

Can I perform liposuction in several areas of the body?

Yes, the number of areas and determines the amount of plastic surgery surgeon.

It is important to know that …

Liposuction can not be attributed to simple operations, but must also be mindful of the possible complications of liposuction. Illusory view of the simplicity of the methodology and its minimal traumatic leads to sad results. Should be with caution applies to promotions, calling for a one-stage removal of a large quantity of adipose tissue and calling outpatient liposuction procedure. 



Liposuction – a long surgical procedure. Removal of large quantities of fat (more than 5 liters) is accompanied by blood loss up to 30-40% of the fat emulsion. To increase the amount of fat removed in one operation leads to the fact that the procedure is unnecessarily traumatic and turns into the most dangerous of aesthetic operations. Safely perform liposuction several zones in one patient in stages.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Correction of ears (otoplasty) is aesthetic and reconstructive. The first change only the shape of the ears, the second is put in front of a more difficult task – the creation of completely or partially missing ear.

Pinna is the outside of the organ of hearing. However, it plays an important aesthetic role. Changing the shape or location of the ear in relation to other parts of the person violates the appearance of man. Deformities, defects, and lack of ears cause a feeling of inferiority. Particularly painful to this pathology of children, to whom the school is firmly adheres nicknamed by their peers, they become the object of constant ridicule.

Girls and women with long hair can hide this shortcoming to some extent from outside view. However, as they say many patients, some hair annoys them so that they agree to any operation, which finally allow a new hairstyle, one that like.

Boys and men make the same becomes much more difficult and often impossible. In this regard, it is quite clear that the correct form of ears, and thanks to plastic surgery possible. The most frequent cosmetic defects outer ear are protruding ears, which are characterized by excessive distance of the head.

Correct form of protruding ears should be through the operation Otoplasty, starting from 6 years. After the elimination of prominent ears closer, ears harmoniously developed parallel to the growth of the child. Auricle closer to the BTE region so that between them formed a normal angle.

Operation Otoplasty is performed under local or general anesthesia. Otoplasty leave no trace, the cuts are on the back of the ear and is absolutely not noticeable. Modern methods of surgery otoplasty can simulate cartilage, forming a natural and correct to your ear.

Otoplasty – surgery patient and the patient within two hours is free to go home (if the operation was carried out under local anesthesia). For best results within two weeks after surgery otoplasty necessarily wearing special elastic bandages.

During the two weeks before surgery to avoid taking medications that increase the tendency to bleeding, particularly aspirin. The evening before surgery the patient must take a shower and wash hair with shampoo. Six hours before the operation he should not eat or drink.

Only sometimes surgery is performed under general anesthesia. But, regardless of the type of anesthesia, before surgery patients, have soothing preparations.

There are several methods for correction of prominent ears. More widely used methods in which the cartilage is separated from the skin through an incision on the back of the ear and the rasp so as to give it shape. From the shell of the ear, if necessary, remove some form of a piece of cartilage to make it less deep. Protruding lobe correct, removing a piece of skin and fat from the back lobes of groans.

Once the new form of "molded", cut on the back of the ear, sew, and to hold the ear in the desired position on the healing time impose a supportive bandage and wrapped his head in a turban. Supportive bandage worn by the patient during the week. Even if you have experienced any complications as infection and bleeding, that during operations on the ear is rare, bandage is removed only in a medical institution, and not by the patient.

In the first few hours after surgery, the operated area may throb and ache. Normally, the pain is weak and easily docked. A week later, the bandage removed. The ears may be red or bruised, but the new form is already visible. The normal color is restored by the end of the second week. While the band’s constant thereafter will have to be required, even at night for 3-6 weeks should be put on the ears bandage (dressing) to protect the operated ear.

The stitches are removed after a week or two. A few weeks ear may be sensitive to the touch. Physical stress and active sports for three weeks will have to cancel. After 6 months of complete healing of the ear.

Most of the patients who had decided to aesthetic surgery, as a rule, satisfied with the results of man-made changes in their appearance.

Complete reconstruction of the missing ear – a difficult task. It was once believed that the restoration of the ear like the one created by nature is unrealistic. Today it is possible.

The process of creating a new ear consists of 3-4 phases and lasts about a year.

In the first stage of the patient’s rib cartilage create cartilaginous skeleton of the future of the ear.

On the second – this frame is placed in a subcutaneous pocket formed in place of the absent ear.

When this framework ASU (2-6 months), disconnect it from the head of the movement of the ear lobe to the required position, and in the field BTE arisen skin graft wound closed the patient.

In the future form of deepening and tragus.

A reconstructed ear has all the basic elements of a normal ear. And although, unfortunately, reconstructive otoplasty not restore hearing, a new ear, created by plastic surgeons gives patients a new sense of themselves and the world.

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