The concept of emphysema combines increased lightness and decreased mobility of the lung tissue.
Most often affects all light (diffuse emphysema). Sometimes the swollen parts of light are combined with normal lung tissue. Such areas are referred to as bullae and emphysema bullosa.
What happens?
The main cause of the disease – chronic bronchitis. In fact, the result is the formation of chronic bronchitis, emphysema.
In the development of emphysema bullosa important role played by hereditary factors, as well as deferred lung diseases (tuberculosis, etc.).
Smoking, air pollution by different dust particles also contribute to the development of the disease.
What’s happening?
As a result, the current long-term inflammation (chronic bronchitis), lung tissue loses the ability to dynamically stretch and collapse in accordance with the breath, which leads to hyperinflation of the lungs and increase the amount of air in them. This excess air is not involved in respiration and hyperinflate lung tissue is not working fully.
The main complaint of patients with emphysema shortness of breath, significantly increasing during physical exercise. If the cause of hereditary diseases, the dyspnea appears already at a young age.
Without treatment, the emphysema progresses, leads to disruption of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
Bullous emphysema can occur unnoticed, appearing already complication of pneumothorax (rupture bullae and air injection in the chest), requiring urgent surgical treatment.
Diagnosis
In addition to the inspection for the diagnosis of emphysema is used:
Treatment
The main methods of treatment of emphysema is oxygen therapy (inhalation of air with high oxygen content) and breathing exercises. These methods allow us to suspend the development of disorders of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
When bullosa emphysema recommend surgical treatment. The essence of treatment removing bullae. Such operations can be performed both by the classical access by opening the chest, and endoscopically (with the help of special instruments through the puncture of the chest). Endoscopic removal of bulls preferable: significantly shorter recovery period after surgery, there is no large scar on the chest.
The timely removal prevents the development of bulls threatening complications such as pneumothorax – air ingress into the chest as the gap between bulls.
If the cause was emphysema, chronic bronchitis, plays an important role preventing the development of exacerbations of bronchitis. In the development of exacerbation of his rational treatment under medical supervision, including the use of antibiotics.
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