The thyroid gland – the largest of all the organs of internal secretion in the adult. It consists of two lobes and the isthmus. In the thyroid gland is the outer and inner capsules. The outer capsule covers the prostate, together with the larynx, Internal – very tightly fused to its parenchyma, ie covers the actual hardware. Between the capsules have slit space, which are numerous blood vessels.
The main function of the thyroid gland – is the secretion of specific hormones. Thyroid hormones – thyroxine and triiodothyronine. The general effect of these hormones – stimulation of all types of metabolism.
According to WHO, in recent years, the incidence of thyroid cancer in the world doubled, mainly due to diseases of the young and middle age. One of the major issues in oncology is the question of the relationship of thyroid cancer with background processes. Similarly, the increase in incidence is due not only to its true growth, but better diagnosis, thanks to the improvement of diagnostic methods in recent times. However, the main cause of hyperplasia of the thyroid gland, still serves as a deficiency of iodine in the body.
Development of malignant tumors of the thyroid gland is preceded by nodular goiter, diffuse hyperplasia of the thyroid parenchyma of reversible and irreversible, nodular hyperplasia, adenoma.
In clinical and morphological characteristics of tumors of the thyroid gland are divided into:
Benign and malignant tumors of the thyroid gland in most cases are asymptomatic. This leads to late diagnosis, which in turn affects the results of treatment.
The choice of treatment for thyroid cancer depends on many factors: the prevalence of the process, histological structure of the tumor, patient age, sex, etc.
The leading method in the treatment of thyroid cancer is surgical. Additional methods are: teletherapy, radioyodablatsiya, suppressive therapy, drug treatment.
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Tags: Oncology
