MEDICAL

Ask any parent, that he would prefer for the child: heavy flowing illness or innocuous response to the vaccine with a guarantee of protection against subsequent infection?

It would seem that the answer is obvious. So why do many educated mums and dads, the word “vaccination” to this day causes a seizure?

Perhaps still need to use the same “blessings of civilization” that the entire civilized world? ..

Questions from our correspondent on the modern vaccine meets Vasily Fedorovich Uchaikin, Academician, Chief Pediatric infectious disease of the Ministry of Public Health.

Vaccine – a preparation of attenuated live or killed microorganisms, their metabolic products, individual components of microbial cells. We can say that the vaccine – it is a kind of medicine. Only the usual drug given to patients, and vaccine – for healthy people. Apply vaccine to enhance the body’s resistance to infectious diseases, as well as for the treatment of certain diseases. Introduction of foreign substances (antigen vaccine) causes specific changes in the immune system, resulting in formation of protein molecules – protective antibodies. They who create in the human body resistance to infection, ie immunity.

Conditionally vaccines can be divided into several groups. Inactivated vaccine – is when pathogenic, ie disease-causing bacteria are subjected to heat treatment or chemical attack. In this very source of infection is killed. This is the vaccine most long-standing origin, they are not very into technology. An example of such vaccines – pertussis, a vaccine against typhoid fever, a number of vaccines against influenza.

Live vaccines are made from neutralized virus strains (organisms), no longer capable of causing disease. Among the live vaccines belong to a vaccine against measles, rubella, mumps, yellow fever.

Polysaccharide, split vaccines (for example, some of suppressing anti) differ in that easily carried the majority of vaccine recipients. Of the pathogenic bacteria isolated a protein that is responsible for formulating the so-called protective, ie, protective immunity. This is the new more modern technology.

Fourth group of vaccines – recombinant vaccines. This is a completely new generation of recombinant vaccine technology.

- How important do you think is in the modern, especially urban, Child Vaccine?

- Vaccine – this is the greatest achievement of human thought. On the relevance and effectiveness can be compared with the chlorination of water. For many centuries, mankind has not suspected that the bacteria is easily transmitted through water. Therefore, from cholera, typhoid, dysentery wiped out entire towns. When, finally, used in domestic water were treated with chlorine, the number of intestinal diseases had declined. Unfortunately, this discovery had no impact on infections that are spread in a different way: for example, airborne droplets or contact. Their prevention has assumed Vaccine, “invented” about 200 years ago. Then, during a raging epidemic in London smallpox English physician Edward Jenner was the first in the world for the prevention of child inoculated cowpox virus. Baby did not get sick while in the hearth of the epidemic.

However, the scientific revolution, this experiment did not produce. The subsequent history of vaccination did not develop as smoothly. At various stages she met strong opposition, including from the church. But little by little, people began to understand that the vaccine – the most economical and easiest way to protect themselves from infection.

Modern Vaccine led to dramatic results. With the help of vaccination completely eradicated smallpox. Significantly decreased the number of measles among children (before and killed up to 30% of babies ill in the age of 3 years). It is safe to say that where there is a vaccine against the disease – as in the cases of poliomyelitis, measles, diphtheria, rubella, mumps, hepatitis A and B – is very real total elimination of these diseases and even the complete destruction of the natural wild strains that cause infection.

- However, many mothers are still afraid to make children immunized. The benefits of vaccination, they seem to know, but fear that the child’s body may react to the medication injected undesirable manner. On the basis of this bias and how to win?

- In my opinion, most moms simply fear for the baby, the body which introduced an alien substance – the vaccine. When the doctor prescribes a sick child medicine, such as antibiotics, mother meekly agree not thinking about that one, they are treated, the other – maimed. A vaccine for some reason just cause fear and distrust, even though its task – to prevent infection.

Of course, any vaccine – rogue substance for the body, so one or other reaction to its introduction (prituhanie the injection site, redness, pain, mild fever) – an absolutely natural process, although it is rare.

It is a mistake to believe that “children’s” infectious diseases – chicken pox, measles, mumps – easier and safer perebolet than move vaccinated against them. Dangerous misconception.For example, rubella is a greater threat to pregnant women: in most cases, diseased pregnancies ends in miscarriage or birth of a child with congenital deformities.

Meanwhile, complications from the vaccine are extremely rare and usually associated with its individual components and quality. And the danger of the organism’s reaction to the vaccine is incomparably lower than the risk of most infections.

- But probably still smoke without fire and any contraindications to vaccination are available?

- By current inactivated, subunit vaccines – virtually none. To live vaccines, contraindications, of course. This immune deficiency, pregnancy, acute form of any disease. If a child is very cold, it is better to wait a week. In chronic disease vaccination is not dangerous. Perhaps with the exception of severe diseases of the nervous system, brain. Although in this case, the child must be vaccinated, but only in stationary conditions.

- please remind mothers of the major changes that have taken place in the modern vaccination calendar.

- Until recently, we profilaktirovali with vaccine only seven infections: tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, measles, mumps and polio.

Since 1997, the calendar made compulsory vaccinations are two vaccines – Hepatitis B and rubella. Admittedly, the whole world in this respect is far gone forward. In America, all children are vaccinated against rubella since 1967. Therefore, there is a disease almost disappeared. We also rubella vaccine was not, as in the recent past, all the work for its establishment had been dropped. Formally rubella is mild in childhood infections. However, ill rubella are complications, including encephalitis and other severe damage to the central nervous system. Moreover, as we have said, in pregnant women causes a severe disease affecting the fetus in utero. There is only one – vaccination. The current situation is complicated by the fact that the national rubella vaccine does not, and buy foreign – it’s expensive. But, in principle, I do not see anything wrong with that people who care about their health, will buy the vaccine yourself.

Another new for the vaccine – hepatitis B – the whole world has also long been introduced in the number of mandatory. We – also, but so far to vaccinate against this insidious and very dangerous infection in fully, we can not: the state does not allocate the necessary funding for the purchase of relatively expensive drugs. In recent years – and this, unfortunately, known only to specialists – hepatitis B has become a true national disaster.

Where we have made great strides in the fight against polio. Previously polio vaccination consisted of nine doses. Now, thanks to routine vaccination calendar epidemiological situation in our country is so improved that the incidence of polio has dropped to almost zero.

Now we have moved six times in the vaccination. To completely eliminate the complications of a live polio vaccine to the individual schedule is better to introduce the first two doses of inactivated vaccine. Then continue the introduction of live oral polio vaccine, as is done in many countries, such as the United States.

The big problem remains hepatitis A. The number of cases in our country has increased. Hepatitis A is often erroneously considered a light infection, but in fact it is a serious disease, at least a month attracts people to the bed. Liver after it recovers from 3 to 12 months.

Three years ago we began to fail twice to vaccinate children against measles and mumps. Re-vaccination (re-vaccinated before school) helps to protect those children whose immunity after the first vaccination for some reason did not work out or extinguished.

The level of graft (ie, coverage of the population received the vaccine) should be not less than 95%. Only with such a proportion are the real conditions of complete elimination of the disease. It is important that physicians are well informed themselves promoted vaccination.

- At what age is best to start vaccinating?

- In general, vaccinations can begin at any age. But the sooner we will establish a child’s immune system, the greater the likelihood that when a chance encounter with the infection, he was no longer sick.

In accordance with the state immunization schedule of hepatitis B vaccination is done immediately after birth, in the first 24 hours. But you can start vaccination and 3 months, along with the DPT (vaccine against pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus) and polio vaccine. In 12-15 months – immunization against measles, mumps and rubella (again – in 6 years). A detailed calendar of immunization can be obtained from any child infectionist.

Another important point: if the mother – the carrier of the virus, such as hepatitis B, it can refer the child through the placenta. Most often (in 95% of cases), infection occurs at birth.Therefore, if we introduce the vaccine within 24 hours after birth, the child’s illness will not develop.

With regard to influenza vaccination, then I strongly recommend to everyone without exception to make flu vaccine. Thus you will secure both itself and your children from this most common infectious disease.

- Can we say that the surge of some infectious diseases such as jaundice, associated with low levels of personal hygiene?

- Certainly. One of the reasons for this deplorable situation in our country – low level of personal hygiene. And most importantly – lack of understanding of the importance of compliance with the most elementary hygiene rules, even in medical environments. Many of our doctors still advise parents to go in the summer with a child in the village – “a cup of milk in the pair.Nowhere in the West, the doctor will not recommend to drink milk “straight from the cow, especially a child. The usefulness of fresh milk does not go to any comparison with the risk of infection with any infection.

Watch for foods that give children who need the most thorough. Very problematic situation now exists in our schools. I mean a system of breakfasts and lunches. The world has long passed to individual schools on an ad hoc meals (similar to that given in airplanes and trains) or the food, brought from home – of course, also as a boxed product. This is done solely in order to avoid possible contact with food pathogens. We have, unfortunately, such an innovation is still considered a luxury.

In order to raise a healthy child, it is necessary to comply with two conditions. First – relative (but not complete!) Insulation baby. No need to immediately increase the number of child’s communication, quickly increase the number of his contacts. From the first day of the birth, he gets tremendous pressure from the outside in the form of various pathogenic bacteria – through the mouth, the air close circle. Adequately respond to such a number of external antigens (ie, foreign substances), the child still can not, they just did not have time to form bodies of their immune defense. Must therefore be a gradual expansion of contacts depending on the abilities of his immune system.

The second condition – relative sterility of all that surrounds kids. Talk about washing your hands is just ridiculous. But another point. During cooking mama in contact with raw food, 100% infected by microbes, poorly washed hands and dishes, does not change the dirty towels. And then she – as a peddler of infection – go to the baby. And later surprised that a child leaving the house, picked up the infection. Therefore, when dealing with a small child about the sterility must be remembered always. And about the sterility of the global. We have, for example, in virtually every clinic is “paddling pool for toddlers. Dear parents and organizers of such “pool”! It’s a real breeding ground for infections! Water treatments in a similar capacity for the child can turn this misfortune.

Another problem – storage of food. If you prepare for future use, leave a lasting “in reserve” cooked product, the microbes in it will quickly “grow up”.

It is better not to be lazy and cook only once.

In general, in our country too many problems to ignore vaccination. Health of the younger generation in our hands, so let’s try to keep pace with the entire civilized world, where, with the greatest respect and willingness to relate to the vaccine, vaccinate their children and themselves vaccinated. Moreover, in many Western countries, in addition to those vaccines that are used by us, be sure to vaccinate against Haemophilus influenzae, which is the most frequent cause of purulent meningitis, are vaccinated against the varicella zoster. In the United States begins mass vaccination against kids rotovirusnoy infection – the most common cause of infectious diarrhea. In the near future will create a vaccine against hepatitis C, HIV infection, chlamydia infection, and many others. There is a complete confidence that with the help of vaccines could improve human health and increase the average duration of its life for several decades.

Popularity: 5% [?]

Scientists have found that money bills are one of the most persistent carriers of influenza virus – for them it can be stored for 5 days.

Data on how long the flu virus can remain on the banknotes were received during the research laboratory of Virology, Geneva University Hospitals. According to his results, which were announced at the Congress of Toronto and then published in the press, people should be cautious in dealing with bills, especially during epidemics of influenza, because they may be carriers of the virus, which "holds" on them for 120 hours after contact with the source of infection.

To measure the duration of the virus on banknotes, and the duration of its survival, the researchers placed a few fragments of notes influenza viruses from laboratory stocks with different concentrations – H3N2, etc. H1N1i than H5N1, known as the causative agent of avian flu. The notes were placed in the same environment: they are kept at a constant temperature of 22 degrees and the same humidity, and then, after some time after exposure, they were put in culture to test for the virus.

It was found that the higher the concentration of the virus, the more time he can remain on the banknote: the H1N1 virus dilute stayed on the bill for only 2 hours, and the H3N2 virus and other types with a high concentration could be maintained on it for 1 3 days. On the duration of the influenza virus has a great influence mucus – a fact the scientists also recorded in the course of the experiment, when one dose of the bacteria are mixed with mucus, and others not. In the presence of mucus virus A, or H3N2, is able to hold out on paper for 5 days after falling at her, but without the slime disappears already after 2 hours.

However, laboratory parameters, researchers are not limited to: in order to verify the results already attained, they decided to hold the same experience, but in the natural environment.Scientists collected samples of nasal secretions in 14 influenza-infected people and put them on the banknotes. In half the cases the virus could survive for at least daily, and in five cases, he survived for another two days after infection. Taking into account these facts, should be extremely cautious with banknotes and coins during a special spread of influenza, and once again try not to take them in hand.

Popularity: 5% [?]

Coming to the clinic even with the common cold, we sometimes hear: "To clarify the diagnosis will have to refer you to the X-ray.

And we are going to "radiate" or take a shot that the doctor was able to accurately determine the nature of pathology. But X-rays, these amazing rays, discovered by the German physicist Roentgen more than a hundred years ago, helping not only in the diagnosis of disease – they also have healing properties. With their help, we can treat both tumor and non-tumoral diseases. In the treatment of nontumorous diseases using X-rays with a shallow absorption of radiation by tissues and in low dosages.

Usually, the X-ray resort when other means proved ineffective or when she has a notorious advantages over them, to the advantage of this method include its simplicity, the possibility of using both ambulatory and in hospital, a painless procedure. On the treatment of patients sends medical specialist (surgeon, neurologist, dermatologist, etc.), and the question of the magnitude of radiation dose, the frequency of sessions and the amount of irradiated tissue is in the competence of the radiologist. Currently, radiotherapy has been successfully used in surgery, neurology, otolaryngology, dermatology, ophthalmology and other fields of medicine. Positive clinical effects observed in 85-98% of cases.

In surgery, radiotherapy is used mainly in acute and chronic suppurative-inflammatory diseases, such as boils, carbuncles, erysipelas, panaritiums, osteomyelitis, postoperative complications and consequences of diabetes – the effectiveness of this method is 90-97%. The most efficient X-ray therapy in the initial stages of the inflammatory process: sometimes only 1-2 treatments is sufficient to suspend its development. And in case of complications of diabetes, accompanied by trophic changes in the tissues of the feet, radiotherapy often avoids surgery.

The largest share in X-ray non-tumorous diseases account for the disease osteo-articular apparatus of degenerative-dystrophic nature – arthritis deformans, periarthritis humeroscapular, spondylitis osteochondrosis, heel and elbow bursitis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. By providing anti-inflammatory effect on the surrounding joints, soft tissue, X-ray rays contribute to the reduction and disappearance of pain, increase range of motion in the joints or spine. 80% of patients noted subjective improvement in health status already during the treatment. In addition, it is possible to dramatically reduce the dose of painkillers and anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals, prolonged use of which is often indifferent to the organism.

X-ray radiation is also widely used in the treatment of diseases of the peripheral nervous system – neuritis, neuralgia, radiculitis, plexitis, herpes zoster, and many others. Typically, they cause great suffering and lead to prolonged disability. For these illnesses irradiated locally affected nerve roots, plexus or peripheral nerve trunks. Analgesic effect of X-ray in this case, connected both to the suppression of inflammation in the nerve and surrounding tissues, and with the reduction of pathological impulses.

In dermatology using X-ray treat chronic eczema, neurodermatitis, itchy skin, keloid scars, hemangiomas, etc. In chronic dermatoses, it has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect, reducing sensitivity to allergens, the recovery of a metabolism in the cells of the epidermis, the normalization of power in the tissues, stimulates skin regeneration. In the initial stage of irradiation of keloid scars can get rid of the pain and itching, helps stop the growth of keloid and leads to regression growths.

Experience over recent years positive experience of the leading clinics of the world confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of X-ray non-tumorous diseases. As shown radiobiological studies, small doses of X-rays had no harmful effects on human body. And the analysis of remote results of radiotherapy in our country and abroad so far revealed no complications or adverse effects of its use.

Popularity: 5% [?]

Tactics to combat a cough depends on its duration and nature.

It seems recovered, but a month continue to frighten others strong cough? So, properly treated. 

Some he tormented at night, the other overcomes the morning, for someone fairly sips of cold water or the frosty air that sounded painfully familiar "kha-kha" … a strategy: the more you give to develop cough, the harder it will be ostracized. And choose tactics on the situation.

The first three days of cold: it is not

Since cough, as a rule, cold does not start – just a tickle in the throat, laid his nose, it hurts to swallow. Can it be avoided altogether? The chance is, if a fast start intensive therapy: then stop aching throat infection and will not fall from the upper to the lower respiratory tract.

What to do. Rinse the nose 3-4 times a day with salt water (teaspoon of salt per glass of warm boiled water), and then bury anti-inflammatory drops. Flip your head back, to drug running down the back wall of the nasopharynx – and it will act better.

Every hour, rinse your throat: furatsilinom a solution teaspoon soda, a teaspoon of salt and a few drops of iodine in a glass of water. It is useful to alternate it with the infusion of chamomile, sage, aloe.

The simplest way

Teaspoon of olive oil to hold in your mouth until it ceases to be sticky.

End of first week: it is already here

Miracles are rare, most infections can capture the position. Then begins a cough – a dry, painful, hacking. At this stage the task – turn it into moist, less irritating bronchi, then the recovery process will go faster.

What to do. Education sputum helps warm milk with butter and soda, thermopsis, liquorice root, nard, plantain. Hot tea with honey, warm alkaline mineral water (Borjomi, Essentuki) and soda inhalation are also good. Cough, hindering sleep, we should, on the contrary, suppress, taking overnight funds, acting on the cough center (usually in their composition is codeine).You can try and candy with menthol, but it does not help everyone.

The simplest way

Our grandmother stopped coughing burnt sugar. Teaspoon sugar heat over medium heat. When the sugar melts and acquire a honey color, dip the spoon in a small amount of cold water.The resulting candy is sweet and warm water – perfect remedy for dry cough.

Second week: you out!

When the mucus becomes very much, there is another problem – you can not clear his throat: too dense, thick sputum bad departs.

What to do. In this situation, help medicine, thinning mucus (Bromhexine, mukaltin, etc.). In addition, 2-3 times a day, breathe over the heated mineral water. For best effect, add to it 5-6 drops anise oil. If the sputum is abundant, sticky, you can breathe the broth over the leaves of eucalyptus and pine buds.

The simplest way

Mouled beer – means strong, though not the most pleasant. If you have a strong stomach, you can drink it in half with hot milk.

Third week: tortured unbearable!

The prolonged cough is dangerous, even if not very worried. Sputum may be less, but leaves it with great difficulty. This is a signal that the bronchi do not cope with their work, and the reason for the visit to the pulmonologists.

What to do. In protracted coughing doctor may prescribe antibiotics – but only after the X-ray and sputum analysis of bacterial flora and sensitivity to antibiotics. Another option of treatment – the impact of ultrasound: it can split and diluted sputum in the most remote areas of the bronchi.

The simplest way

In the morning, do not jump up and lie down on one, on the other side, on the back, then on his stomach. Ask your relatives do you massage: pokolachivat edge of his hand gently on the back or hands as if to shake it.

Month and more: too late to drink mineral water

Cough disappears for a couple of weeks, but then reappears with short bouts, especially in wet and cool weather. Or like about yourself when temperature drops: after a warm room gulped air from the street, lay in a cold bed. It can provoke the smell of mustard, paint, tobacco, alcohol. In sharp attacks of cough, red face, sometimes even bursting small flasks. This pattern is characteristic of obstructive bronchitis. It occurs when the bronchi lose the ability to show wetness.

What to do. Require serious medical treatment under the supervision pulmonologist. It can be supplemented with homeopathic medicines. Very effective salt cave – sessions in a room whose walls are covered with salt crystals.

The simplest way

If possible, take leave and go in the dry and hot climate, for example, on the Mediterranean coast or in the Crimea, where on a little longer. The air is saturated with negative ions, iodine and aromatic plants, in itself a miraculous healing tool.

Popularity: 5% [?]

Use broccoli helps prevent chronic lung disease.

It was proved that the composition of this vegetable antioxidants stop the degradation of NRF2, the key components of defense system against inflammatory processes, whose concentration decreases in lung injury.

Doctors at Johns Hopkins Medical School (USA) and the National Institutes of heart and lung (London, UK) have made such conclusions after analyzing tissue samples from the bodies of patients with lung problems, including severe emphysema, and determine the levels of biochemical substances regulating NRF2.

It was said that an increase in consumption of broccoli in patients with markedly decreased activity of the oxidative stress markers, and the amount of protein increased NRF2 vice versa.In addition, components such as broccoli sulforaphane possible to restore important detoxifying enzymes counteracting inflammation. As noted physicians, sulforaphane stimulates production of useful genes in epithelial tissues and blocked the destruction of NRF2. After the enrichment of the diet of broccoli dishes people have also noted improvement in respiratory function.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Spastic breath in the throat – contrary tickle … Those who at least once experienced the charm of all bronchitis, remember this with a shudder.

Ce la vie: You – SARS

Bronchitis in the mouths of doctors – a composite diagnosis. So doctors may call any inflammation of the bronchi: from bronchiolitis, striking bronchioles (small branches of the bronchi) to tracheitis (when the whole is suffering breathing “trunk”), and tracheobronchitis (when, with the “trunk” to suffer and bronchi).

The main cause of this inflammation is an acute respiratory viral infection (all known SARS). And only 10% of agents are not viruses, and bacteria – streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, Haemophilus influenzae and other microorganisms.

Caution: mycoplasma!

Affecting the connective tissue of the lungs, this agent causes a prolonged, chronic cough, which may last for years. Respiratory mycoplasmosis is very similar to flu or SARS. The only treatment that is prescribed when flu and viral infections, in this case does not help.

Catch common viral infections, irritants bronchial “tree”, at any time of year. Infections, as it were divided into spheres of influence of seasons: autumn “control” rhinoviruses and parainfluenza pathogens, winter – flu, spring – the so-called respiratory syncytial virus and adenoviruses. And each of them could take your body is called the chain – at first alone and then the other. So it turns out that the acute inflammation of the bronchi can be repeated 3-6 times a year, causing confusion not dry out cough rights: as if treated, but no good there.

Manipulation “inhalation”

The main thing – do not give inflammation “down” inside, do not miss the moment when the viruses are still hosted in the nasopharynx, causing weakness, fatigue, runny nose, a tickle in my throat and headache.

How? Intense irritated throat gargle warm solution of an alcohol tincture of calendula, eucalyptus and chamomile. This uncomplicated procedure can yield tangible effect. But under one condition: if gargle every hour or at least every two hours and at the same time every time to use at least a glass of healthful solution.

Do not forget about the hot inhaled. What you breathe: potato steam or steam from boiling water flooded pills Validol – not important. And both the procedure will greatly facilitate your pain.

How do you breathe? Reception!

The first day of treatment for precious lost? Wait cough. A dry, irritating cough sadnyaschy shows a lesion of the trachea. ”Povlazhnevshy” and become more “soft” interpretation of the distribution process into the respiratory tract. Usually at this time begins to cough a small amount of mucous secretion and the pain is felt below the chest. According to doctors, the pain is quite natural: from convulsive fits of coughing reduced diaphragm and suffering surrounding muscles.

However, by the patient from such explanations nor heat nor cold. As soon as he felt discomfort, cough tortured citizens begin to beat all the bells, rushing to the first that fell among the pharmacist with a plea: “Give me something for a cough!”

1:0 is not in our favor

And making a fatal mistake, dooming themselves to even greater suffering. The fact that some medications contribute to liquefaction of sputum, while others are intended to suppress the cough reflex. When the bronchi are clogged with accumulated in the viscous mucous secret, it is difficult to work. That is why we and coughing, trying to free the downtrodden area.The main thing that needs to be done in this period – thin the phlegm and cough up its vigor!

But how to do this if, instead of the drug that has expectorant action you took the drug, which suppresses cough reflex? Taking up self, you can easily get stagnant mucus in the bronchi.After some time, the inflammation of the cough returned to you with renewed vigor.

The drug is not on the profile

Another common mistake – Messy antibiotics and sulfanilamides. Given that most of bronchitis caused by viruses, and viruses to these drugs do not work, the effect of such treatment is obtained the opposite: confused antibiotics suppresses the immune system, and she can not cope with the disease.

Another tip: Taking expectorant drugs, drink as much fluid, that was something to “dilute” bronchial mucus, otherwise these medicines will be ineffective.

It is clear now how important it is for bronchitis and other diseases accompanied by coughing follow the advice of a doctor? Only he can correctly assess your condition and appropriate treatment.

Leaflets-koreshochki …

But to accelerate its recovery, you can yourself. Bronchitis help cope with excessive drinking, vitamin-rich foods, fatty fish (salmon, flounder, halibut, sardines, mackerel), lean meat, pumpkin seeds. And, of course, good old-fashioned herbal medicine. In some cases, wisely chosen herbs are more effective drug treatments, as well as having a complex action, not only suppressing the cough reflex, but also removing the inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx, trachea, “improving” the properties of sputum.

Exhibits protective and anti-inflammatory effect on mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract have roots, leaves and flowers of Althea medicine, licorice roots bare, leaves and flowers Mullein skipetrovidnogo, kidneys, pine, grass Rhododendron tomentosum.

Word professionals

Improve Branch sputum herb Thermopsis lanceolate, roots, rhizomes, flowers and leaves of spring primrose, violet tricolor grass, fruits and seeds of anise usual, leaves and flowers of the mother and the stepmother pine.

Bronchodilator, extending the lumen of the bronchi and facilitating breathing effect is ephedra herb horsetail and dvuhkoloskovoy, licorice roots bare, the grass is violet tricolor, fennel fruit, roots and rhizomes istoda Siberian. Course of treatment all the above tincture and decoction – 6-8 days.

Remember Me? Take Action! God willing, in a couple of weeks, you forget about exhausting you cough. If, despite measures taken, your condition is not improving, you should not pull.Begin the survey. Best of all – in a specialized Pulmonology Hospital, where there are conditions in order to not only hold X-rays and bronchoscopy, but mikrobakteriologicheskoe and sputum cytology. Bronchitis is better not to run.

Suffering news

American scientists investigated what happens due to chronic cough. It was found in 41% of cases, cough is associated with the consequences of a bad cold, because of which part of mucus from the nose caught in the throat. In 24% – with asthma, 21% – with gastroezofagitalnym reflux, causing casting of stomach contents into the esophagus. And only 5% of sufferers doctors diagnosed chronic bronchitis. But two patients who participated in the study, chronic cough was caused by … side effects of drugs that they took from hypertension.

Dr. Pepper

Many spices help to get rid of the cough. Red peppers causes perspiration and helps to loosen the phlegm. Cloves – excellent analgesic, cough and runny nose facilitates. Well treating upper respiratory tract ginger. It can be added as in pastries and in the first and second courses.

Popularity: unranked [?]

The concept of emphysema combines increased lightness and decreased mobility of the lung tissue.

Most often affects all light (diffuse emphysema). Sometimes the swollen parts of light are combined with normal lung tissue. Such areas are referred to as bullae and emphysema bullosa.

What happens?

The main cause of the disease – chronic bronchitis. In fact, the result is the formation of chronic bronchitis, emphysema.

In the development of emphysema bullosa important role played by hereditary factors, as well as deferred lung diseases (tuberculosis, etc.).

Smoking, air pollution by different dust particles also contribute to the development of the disease.

What’s happening?

As a result, the current long-term inflammation (chronic bronchitis), lung tissue loses the ability to dynamically stretch and collapse in accordance with the breath, which leads to hyperinflation of the lungs and increase the amount of air in them. This excess air is not involved in respiration and hyperinflate lung tissue is not working fully.

The main complaint of patients with emphysema shortness of breath, significantly increasing during physical exercise. If the cause of hereditary diseases, the dyspnea appears already at a young age.

Without treatment, the emphysema progresses, leads to disruption of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.

Bullous emphysema can occur unnoticed, appearing already complication of pneumothorax (rupture bullae and air injection in the chest), requiring urgent surgical treatment.

Diagnosis

In addition to the inspection for the diagnosis of emphysema is used:

Treatment

The main methods of treatment of emphysema is oxygen therapy (inhalation of air with high oxygen content) and breathing exercises. These methods allow us to suspend the development of disorders of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.

When bullosa emphysema recommend surgical treatment. The essence of treatment removing bullae. Such operations can be performed both by the classical access by opening the chest, and endoscopically (with the help of special instruments through the puncture of the chest). Endoscopic removal of bulls preferable: significantly shorter recovery period after surgery, there is no large scar on the chest.

The timely removal prevents the development of bulls threatening complications such as pneumothorax – air ingress into the chest as the gap between bulls.

If the cause was emphysema, chronic bronchitis, plays an important role preventing the development of exacerbations of bronchitis. In the development of exacerbation of his rational treatment under medical supervision, including the use of antibiotics.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Snoring - a sonic phenomenon that occurs when beating each other soft structures of the pharynx against passage of the jet of air through narrowed airways.

Snoring Causes

Anatomical violations, leading to a narrowing of the airways:

Functional factors and diseases, reducing the muscle tone of the pharynx:

The main symptoms of snoring

Snoring is the sound, is more a social problem for others than for the man himself. However, snoring may be a precursor and one of the main symptoms of serious illness – the disease stops breathing during sleep or, in medical terms, sleep apnea.

Snoring Treatment

In order to effectively deal with snoring, above all, must undergo a medical examination to ascertain the root cause of this phenomenon. And only then proceed to action.

Universal method that would help all people get rid of snoring has not yet been invented.

Thus, the specific therapeutic approaches should be determined by a qualified technician according to the causes and severity of the condition.

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Tuberculosis - an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and characterized by the development of cell allergies, specific granulomas in various organs and tissues of the polymorphic clinical picture. Characteristically lung, lymphatic system, bones, joints, genito-urinary organs, skin, eyes, nervous system. If untreated, the disease progresses and ends fatally.

Infectious nature of TB was proved by German Robert Koch in 1882. It was he who opened the mycobacteria, causing disease and modestly described it as "Koch’s bacillus. Unlike other microbes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is extremely tenacious: excellent feeling in the ground and in the snow, is resistant to alcohol, acid and alkali. Perish it can only under long-term exposure to direct sunlight, high temperatures and chlorine compounds.

In order to get enough only to inhale a small number of bacilli. The presence of tubercle bacilli in the body indicates the infection. However, not all people infected with TB bacilli will become sick with tuberculosis. The immune system walls off the TB bacilli which for years may stay in the "dormant" state. The inability of the immune system to control infection with TB bacilli leads to the development of disease. In the case of illness TB germs have had devastating effects on the body. Without treatment, people with pulmonary TB will infect on average between 10 to 15 people per year.

Every second someone in the world are infected with TB bacilli.

At present, every third person in the world is infected with the TB bacillus.

5-10% of infected people in any period of his life sick with tuberculosis.

In identifying with the microscopic infectious TB (bacilli visible in a sputum smear) in humans, they must complete a full course of treatment with anti-TB drugs in the correct dosage under the supervision of health workers or trained volunteers. This supervised treatment should be regularly and continuously for 6-8 months, at least during the first two months of direct observation of medication. The internationally recommended approach to the fight against tuberculosis – is DOTS (short course directly observed treatment), an inexpensive strategy that can prevent millions of TB cases and deaths over the next decade.

Improper treatment converts easily treatable form of the disease in hard-curable drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Surgical treatment – removal of the lung – used only in advanced cases of tuberculosis.

If untreated, mortality from active tuberculosis reaches 50% in one year to two years. In the remaining 50% of untreated TB becomes chronic.

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Tracheitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the trachea. There are acute and chronic tracheitis.

Acute tracheitis is rarely isolated, it usually occurs in conjunction with acute rhinitis, pharyngitis and laryngitis. The most common cause of acute tracheitis is a viral infection, rarely staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc. Development tracheitis contribute to the inhalation of dry, cold or dusty air, irritating fumes and gases. Morphological changes in the trachea in acute tracheitis characterized by edema, infiltration and hyperemia of the mucous membrane on the surface which can detect concentrations of mucus, in some cases (eg, influenza) – dot hemorrhages.

Chronic tracheitis may develop from acute. Often it occurs in individuals who abuse tobacco and alcohol, as well as stagnation in the airways on the basis of emphysema, heart disease, kidney disease, are often the cause of his chronic inflammatory diseases of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. In chronic tracheitis may occur as hypertrophic and atrophic changes in the mucosa of the trachea. Hypertrophic tracheitis is characterized by vasodilatation and swelling of the mucous membrane, enhanced release of mucus and purulent sputum. When atrophy of the mucous membrane becomes thinner, acquires a grayish color, is smooth, shiny, sometimes covered with small crusts, causing painful cough. Atrophic chronic tracheitis usually is accompanied by atrophy of the mucous membrane of respiratory tract upstream.

Treatment tracheitis

Acute tracheitis. Treatment should be aimed primarily at addressing the causes and factors contributing to the emergence of tracheitis. The patient was prescribed mustard plasters on the chest, with the symptoms of intoxication or distribution process to the lower respiratory tract – sulfanilamidnye drugs and antibiotics, including in the form of aerosols, with painful coughs – codeine, libeksin, if difficult, sputum discharge – expectorants – herb Thermopsis, Althea root, licorice, etc., alkaline inhalation. Forecast uncomplicated acute tracheitis with timely treatment is usually favorable – in 1-2 weeks. begins recovery.

Chronic tracheitis. Diagnosis and treatment of chronic tracheitis based on the same principles as for an acute process. In addition, chronic tracheitis use oil-alkaline inhalation, as well as climatic treatment. The prognosis for recovery with timely and correct treatment more favorable.

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