MEDICAL

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) belongs to the family of herpesvirus. This is the most common cause of congenital infections in children. Cytomegalovirus infection occurs in utero, and in other ways (sexual, nutritional, airborne). In people with normal immunity, as a rule, there is a long latent disease course. Sometimes CMV infection occurs with uncharacteristic symptoms such as malaise, fatigue, fever, lymph nodes. In people with weakened immune cytomegalovirus might result in severe symptoms, a life-threatening (pneumonia, hepatitis, myo-and pericarditis, meningitis, encephalitis, etc.).

Both primary and the return of CMV infection is transferred, the mother, leads to premature delivery, reduced birth weight, liver, lungs, central nervous system. Approximately 12-30% of these children die. I survived in 90% of cases are reported late complications – hearing loss, speech disorders, optic atrophy, microcephaly, seizures, convulsions, paresis, and paralysis.

Therefore, it should be emphasized mandatory screening for the presence of cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy planning.

For diagnosis using cytology, molecular diagnostic study (PCR), enzyme immunoassay test (determination of serum immunoglobulins of classes G, M and A).

Popularity: unranked [?]

Chlamydia - a group of diseases caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydia – small fixed intracellular microorganisms. They are unable to synthesize the energy and therefore parasitize the cylindrical epithelial cells lining the urethra, prostatic ducts, epididymis, deferent ways, vagina, cervix, anal canal zone, oral cavity, the ovarian tissue and the fallopian tubes. In some cases, chlamydia can cause widespread process, affecting the conjunctiva of eyes, joints and other organs. This process is called Reiter’s disease.

The incubation period after infection lasts for 10-14 days. Full development cycle of chlamydia continues from 24 to 72 hours, after which the affected cells are destroyed.

One of the features of chlamydial infection is a hidden disease course and long-term intracellular presence of microorganisms without marked clinical manifestations.

When milder forms of chlamydia in men may appear scanty mucopurulent urethral discharge, discomfort in the urethra, itching and sometimes pain during urination, redness of sponges urethra. When complications (inflammation of the testicles and their appendages, prostate, joint damage, the conjunctiva of the eyes) there is a clinical picture corresponding to each of these diseases.

Women manifestations occur more often. Typically, this allocation of the cervical canal, cervical erosion, visible only doctor at the reception, less discomfort in the vagina when urinating, itching in the same areas, as well as in the anus. Both sexes frequently encountered lesion of the throat and tonsils, and rectum.

The most severe complications of chlamydia are infertility, miscarriages, ectopic pregnancy, abnormalities of fetal development.

After this illness, caused by C. trachomatis, immunity unstable. Previous infection does not provide immunity to reinfection. Immune response is maintained only if the pathogen in the body.

Chlamydia is very difficult to recognize. That’s why his diagnosis and treatment should be done only under the supervision of a qualified physician in a specialized medical center. Self-medication or treatment by the schemes of their friends is unacceptable.

Laboratory diagnosis must be comprehensive and include the following research methods: cytological, molecular biological (PCR-diagnostics), immunological (determination of serum immunoglobulins protivohlamidiynyh).

Popularity: unranked [?]

Trichomoniasis - a parasitic disease transmitted mainly through sexual contact. In women it occurs more frequently. Hence the name of the parasite – "vaginal trichomonads» (Trichomonas vaginalis). In men, T. vaginalis can infect the urethra, seminal vesicles and prostate, and for women – the vagina, urethra, cervix and appendages.

The incubation period from the moment of infection is usually 2-7 days, sometimes up to 30 days. Clinical manifestations of Trichomonas process observed in places of contact and are characterized by grayish-white, sometimes frothy, discharge from the vagina, urethra, itching and discomfort in these same areas, perineum. When passing the disease to a chronic phase affects the prostate gland and other additional cancer in men, fallopian tubes and ovaries in women, often develops secondary infertility. Manifestations lose specificity and are similar to manifestations of diseases of the above authorities, which severely complicates the diagnosis.

Unlike most infections, sexually transmitted infections, Trichomonas does not strike the mouth and rectum, internal organs.

Given the long experience in the treatment of trichomoniasis, the selection of adequate drug is difficult, and this problem can be solved only by a qualified doctor.

To identify trichomonads applied cytological and molecular-biological diagnosis (PCR), cultural background research methods.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Syphilis - a chronic infectious disease. When syphilis skin, mucous membranes, internal organs, musculoskeletal, immune and nervous systems. Pathogen – pale treponema.

Pale treponema (Treponema pallidium) belongs to the order Spirochaetales, family Spirochaetaceae, the genus Treponema. Morphologically pale treponema (treponema pallidum) differs from saprofitiruyuschih spirochetes.

The most frequent way of infection with syphilis – sexually, with various forms of sexual contacts.

Infection with syphilis is a small genital or extragenital skin defects, or through the mucosal epithelium in contact with a chancre, erosive papules on the skin and mucous membranes of genitals, mouth, wide condylomas, containing a significant amount of pale treponem.

In saliva pale treponema can be found only in the case when there are eruptions on the oral mucosa.

Syphilis can be transmitted through semen patient with his lack of visible changes in the genitals.

Rarely syphilis can occur in close household contact, in exceptional cases – through household items. Infection with syphilis through milk feeding women, patients with syphilis. No cases of syphilis through urine and sweat were observed. Syphilis (mistakenly used the word "syphilis") from the moment of infection is a common infectious disease, which lasts from untreated patients for many years and has a wavy flow with the change of periods of exacerbation.

During the exacerbation of the disease on the mucous membranes, skin, internal organs are observed in the active manifestations of syphilis.

One of the main causes of changes in the clinic, the duration of the incubation period, latent syphilis of course, is the frequent use of antibiotics, changes in the immune status of the organism and other factors. A classic for syphilis is characterized by the alternation of active manifestations of the disease with a latent period. Classification of flow of syphilis is divided into an incubation period, primary, secondary and tertiary periods.

Primary syphilis (syphilis I primaria) – c emergence stage syphilis chancre and enlarged lymph nodes.

Secondary syphilis (syphilis II secundaria) – stage of syphilis, caused by hematogenous spread of pathogens (treponem) from the primary focus, manifested polymorphic rash (roseola, papules, pustules) on the skin and mucous membranes.

Tertiary syphilis (syphilis III tertiaria) – for the next stage of secondary syphilis with destructive lesions of the internal organs and nervous system with the occurrence of these syphiloma.

Latent syphilis (syphilis latens) – syphilis, in which serological tests positive, but no signs of damage to the skin, mucous membranes and internal organs.

Syphilis household - syphilis infection which occurs through everyday.

Congenital syphilis - syphilis, where the infection came from the sick mother in utero.

Syphilis transfusion - transfusion of donor blood of a patient with syphilis in the recipient developing transfusion syphilis. Possible infection of medical personnel during examination of patients with syphilis, during surgery, treatment procedures, with autopsies (especially infants with early congenital syphilis).

Syphilis headless - Infection occurs when the treponema directly into the blood (through a wound, the study of blood). Typically absence chancre.

Syphilis of the nervous system - neurosyphilis (neurosyphilis): early (neurosyphilis praecox) – Prescription of illness up to 5 years later (neurosyphilis tarda) – more than 5 years.

Distinguish the following forms of early neurosyphilis:

Form of late neurosyphilis:

Visceral syphilis (syphilis visceralis) – syphilis, which struck the internal organs (heart, brain, spinal cord, lungs, liver, stomach, kidney).

Malignant syphilis - syphilis heavily flowing with a massive defeat of the internal organs and nervous system, characteristic of tertiary syphilis.

In the primary period appears the first clinical sign of syphilis - chancre (in the place where the pale treponema penetrated into the body). Chancre – a red spot, turns into a papule, then – in the erosion or ulcer, occurring at the site of entry pale treponema in the body. Chancre often localized on the genitals (women are often on the cervix), indicating that sexual transmission; much less frequently observed vnepolovye chancre, which may be located in any part of the skin or mucous membranes: the lips, tonsils, skin pubic area, thighs and scrotum , abdomen. 1-2 weeks after the chancre begin to grow next to his lymph nodes.

Disappearance chancre suggests that syphilis came to the latent stage, during which the body is rapid multiplication of pale treponem. The secondary period of syphilis usually occurs after 5.9 weeks after the chancre (primary syphiloma) and continues without treatment 3-5 years.

The flow of secondary syphilis undulating: the period of active manifestations replaced by a disguised form of syphilis.

For the latent period characterized by the absence of clinical signs of syphilis, and only seropositive blood flow indicate an infectious process.

Clinical signs of tertiary syphilis may occur many years later after a long asymptomatic course of disease after infection with syphilis. The main factors influencing the formation of tertiary syphilis, is the lack of or inadequate treatment of patients with earlier forms of syphilis.

Tests for syphilis are composed of clinical and laboratory data:

Diagnosis of syphilis primary period of the study conducted by discharge chancre, punctate regional lymph nodes.

In the diagnosis of syphilis secondary period studied material papular, blackheads elements erosive and hypertrophic papules of the skin and mucous membranes.

Tests for syphilis bakterioskopicheskim method (microscopic) are carried out by detecting pale treponema in dark-field microscope.

By treponemnym methods for diagnosis of syphilis include:

Wassermann positive in 100% of patients with syphilis secondary period, with early congenital syphilis, in 70-80% of patients with tertiary syphilis.

Treponemnym method of testing for syphilis is also immunofluorescence (RIF). RIF is the most highly sensitive method of diagnosis of syphilis and becomes positive already in primary seronegative syphilis.

RIF is positive in secondary syphilis, congenital syphilis in 100%, with tertiary syphilis – in 95-100%, with late forms of syphilis (internal organs, syphilis of the nervous system) – in 97-100%.

Treatment of syphilis is based on the set in the world with relevant standards and is conducted only after the diagnosis and confirmation of his laboratory research methods.

Treatment of syphilis requires a doctor-venereologist account various factors, various indicators, complicating things. This largely determines the subsequent choice of treatment of syphilis.

In the treatment of syphilis-specific antibacterial drugs are used several groups and generations, and they are the foundation of therapy. При лечении сифилиса пациент также должен строго соблюдать рекомендованный режим (достаточный сон, рациональное питание, витамины, запрещение алкоголя), продолжительность интервалов между курсами лечения, что значительно повышает эффективность лечения сифилиса. Crucial to the successful treatment of syphilis is beyond the state of the therapy the patient, its reactivity, it is in the process of treatment is necessary to increase resistance to infection. To do this, drugs that stimulate protective responses of the organism.

Venereologist determine in each case, depending on the stage of syphilis, complications, concomitant diseases of other organs and systems, allergic background, body weight, percentage of absorbability and bioavailability of the drug, needed dose of medications, additional use of immunomodulators, enzymes, vitamin preparations, physiotherapy.

After the treatment of syphilis is required repeated clinical and serological monitoring of blood within a few months or years (depending on the stage of syphilis).

If after the treatment of syphilis during the year the blood does not become negative, the message state serorezistentnosti and assigned to treat syphilis.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Soft chancre (chancroid) - sexually transmitted infection that manifests painful ulcer at the site of introduction of the pathogen and purulent lesions of peripheral lymph nodes.

Causative soft chancre is streptobatsilla Petersen-Dyukreya.

Infection occurs through sexual contact.

Chancroid is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical climates.

The latent period of soft chancre is 4-7 days from the moment of infection.

Distinguish the following forms of soft chancre:

Soft chancre sores have jagged edges, deep shell-pitted the bottom with a yellow bloom, purulent discharge. Ostrovospalitelnym surrounded by a halo, but infiltration is absent, so sore to the touch is soft. The value of ulcers – the size of a pinhead to palm and more. They are characterized by considerable pain and bleeding. The ulcers are usually multiple, merge with each other. Perhaps autoinfitsirovanie. Typically, ulcers are localized soft chancre on the genitals – inner layer of the foreskin, the coronary sulcus on the bridle of the penis, urethra sponges in the boat-shaped hole, large and small genital lips. Sometimes the primary manifestation vnepolovye soft chancre, for example, in connection with professional activities in health care workers. They can be located on the wrists or fingers. In most cases, the primary vnepolovye chancre develops in persons who resort to anal, axillary, manual and orogenitalnym sex.

Often observed and secondary vnepolovye chancre. This is a chancre, appearing as a result of flowing of pus from the ulcers located on the genitals, the skin surrounding the inner thigh or distant from the genital areas of the body. This phenomenon is observed in the case when the infection in these areas is carried hands of patients themselves. Can join the defeat of the lymphatic system, as well as develop phimosis and paraphimosis. Lymphangitis and lymphadenitis attributed to specific complications, since they are caused by penetration of the lymph towards pathogens soft chancre.

Sometimes, erysipelas. In rare cases, there are genital warts.

Lymphangitis in most cases observed at the back of the penis and the outer surface of the labia. Manifested in the form of compacted painful strand. The skin over the surface of the thickened and hyperemic swelling, palpation is painful. In rare cases, along the strand formed a painful inflammatory sites, which may suppurate, and then transformed into bubonuli (chancre Nisbet).

The most typical feature of soft chancre – regional lymphadenitis (bubo), arises in 2-3 weeks after infection. It usually occurs because of delayed treatment of chancroid, stimulating local therapy, the development of phimosis or paraphimosis, physical overload, etc. Lymphadenitis starts with pain and swollen lymph node, which merges with the surrounding tissues.

With the localization of soft chancre on the genitals increases inguinal, femoral lymph nodes sometimes. They are painful due periadenita, fused with each other, with the surrounding tissues and skin. The local reaction is expressed as reddening of the skin over them. Patients often complain of chills, fever, general weakness. In the future, may occur with subsequent suppuration node to open it, highlighting a large number of pus and scarring formed ulcers. The scar formed after 3-4 weeks. In rare cases, bubo is characterized by more pronounced and rapidly growing inflammatory phenomena, the development of sloughing ulcers (the rate of necrosis predominates over the rate of regeneration), slow healing. However, some patients bubo opened and in 2-3 weeks. turns into a typical soft chancre sore in its liquid purulent found sticks of soft chancre. Healing with scar formation continues over a month.

In those cases when there is swelling of the foreskin may develop phimosis. At the same time the head of the penis can not bare, and accumulates under the foreskin pus is allocated through the narrow preputial opening. In purulent detect pathogens of soft chancre. Because autoinfitsirovaniya preputial opening along a circle having soft chancre sores. If swelling of the foreskin, located over the exposed head of the penis, can paraphimosis. Its outcome may be gangrene of the glans penis due to compression tkaney ring edematous foreskin.

With proper treatment condition is improving after three days.

Causes of treatment failure: incorrect diagnosis, the combination of soft chancre with other sexually transmitted diseases, HIV infection, failure patient medical appointments.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Thrush is also known as vaginal candidiasis. The causative fungus is often Candida – the type of fungus that is normally present in the body. Candida present in the skin and mucous membranes (mouth and intestines) of most healthy people. The transition in Candida parasitic state can contribute to bacteria overgrowth arising in the appointment of broad-spectrum antibiotics, decreased body defenses with long-term appointment of certain drugs (corticosteroids, immunosuppressants), the presence of serious diseases (cancer, blood disorders, diabetes, etc.). The most common yeast infection occurs when decline of general and local immunity. If treatment is not started on time, this process may take a very long time.

Thrush is not applicable to sexually transmitted diseases and discusses with them because of similar clinical picture.

Factors contributing to the development of thrush:

Symptoms of yeast infections in women

Mucosal candidiasis (thrush) appears as a white plaque (continuous or in the form of isolated sites). Affected sites are usually painless, but when compacted plaque, formation of cracks can not be pronounced soreness. When cutaneous candidiasis marked redness, maceration of the skin, can be balanitis, itching in the anus. For vaginal candidiasis in women marked white kroshkovidnye (curdled) allocation may be itching, burning vagina, itching, soreness and redness of external genitals, pain during intercourse and urination.

What thrush dangerous?

Particular injury is a disease is not harmful. Nevertheless, it causes a lot of anxiety the patient and prevents the normal sexual life. Also, thrush can be a sign of severe common diseases (eg, diabetes and HIV infection).

One turned to the doctor and received instructions on how to overcome yeast, many of them as necessary, again and again. Such a course of action will help in the treatment of thrush once, second, third, but sooner or later the magic wand will be broken. After all, the root of trouble – in the immunocompromised, as thrush – only its outward manifestation. Therefore, simultaneously with the treatment of thrush should look for and remove the cause of immune deficiency, strengthen their own microflora. Without this thrush will appear again and again. In addition the symptoms of thrush, allocation, itching and burning may not be quite so harmless. The same symptoms characteristic of gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, Gardnerella, genital herpes, chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis and other infections. And for their treatment require completely different drugs (in the whole range of these microorganisms included in the scope of the antimicrobial apparatus).

Diagnosis thrush

Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and results of light microscopy. Identification of Candida species after plating, the method of direct immunofluorescence (PIF) and the method of DNA diagnostics (PCR) has no diagnostic value, as mentioned methods are capable of detecting single microorganisms and yeast infection caused by a large number of fungi of the genus Candida. In a small number of these fungi are present on the skin and mucous membranes of most healthy people.

Treating thrush

Widely used B-group vitamins and ascorbic acid. Any damage to the skin using an antifungal ointment. In lesions of mucous membranes are used topically suspension containing nystatin.Treatment of thrush antibiotic quite effectively, but to destroy the (useful) microflora of man.

Thrush and sex

If you have a yeast infection, then having sex is likely to be accompanied by pain. In the absence of pain you can deal with sex, but with a condom.

Treatment of sexual partner in the absence of an asymptomatic yeast is optional, but desirable.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Uro mycoplasmosis or ureaplasmosis - infectious disease of urinary organs, caused by microorganisms belonging to the family Mycoplasmaceae.

These microbes were discovered in 40-50-ies of XX century, but only in the last 30 years of disease, they can cause, have been identified as a separate group. To date, approximately 100 known species of mycoplasma. Man is the master somewhere in 14 species. Some of them have the most pathogenic.

All of them can hit, unlike other sexually transmitted infections, any tissues and organs, including the sperm, leading to a decrease in their number or loss of mobility.

Many mycoplasmas are a catalyst, accelerating for diseases such as HIV infection, neoplastic processes, arthritis … One of the unique properties of mycoplasmas is their ability to masquerade as the host cell (human), which is not always allows the immune system to recognize the presence of the parasite in the body. This explains the predominantly asymptomatic (in 90-95% of cases) the course of infection or with scarce clinical manifestations.

Incubation (latent) period lasts on average 2-4 weeks. The course of these diseases has characteristic features, and therefore the diagnosis of origin of the inflammatory process is based solely on laboratory methods of investigation.

If the disease did not immediately take asymptomatic, it may disturb uncomfortable frequent urination, scanty discharge from the vagina or urethra, itching and discomfort in the area of the external genitalia. With the progression of the disease process are involved in the prostate and testicles in men, epididymis (ovaries, fallopian tubes) in women.

Given trudnoraspoznavaemost disease, diagnosis and treatment of mycoplasmosis should be done only under the supervision of a qualified physician in a specialized medical center. In no case do not exercise self-treatment or treatment by the schemes of their friends! Most sexual infection combined with each other, so the self-treatment leads to only temporary results, which could threaten the transition to the chronic form, which complicates and prolongs the course of treatment.

Can prevention mycoplasmosis? Yes. This is a mandatory use of condoms by changing your sexual partner, combined with the use of disinfectants ( "Myramistin", "Adult-spray" and others).After the change of sexual partner, if not used contraception, even in the absence of manifestations must be examined after 3 weeks. In preparation for pregnancy, and even more so if the woman is already pregnant, a survey of couples in mycoplasmosis should undergo mandatory.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Every year around the world and in our country rapidly increasing incidence of HPV infection (genital warts, venereal warts). This is due to the high infectivity and the lack of quality modern contraceptives (condom, the effectiveness of protection has not been proven).

Some types of viruses can cause malignant (cancer) processes in the human body. This is especially true papillomavirus infection urinary tract. Contested is the occurrence of cervical cancer in women, usually young, on the background flow papillomavirus infection. Other processes of urogenital cancer and is currently being considered for a direct connection with the carriage of human papilloma virus (HPV).

Currently, a person described more than 70 different papillomaviruses. Different types of human papillomavirus associated with different types of lesions of the skin and mucous membranes. Found that genitourinary (urogenital), region may affect certain types of human papillomavirus, among which are varieties of low (6, 11, 42, 43, 44), medium (31, 33, 35, 51, 52, 58) and high (16, 18, 45, 36, 56, 66) cancer risk.

Clinical manifestations of genital HPV infection are quite diverse. They may constitute a self-processes (education in the form of wart-like cocks’ combs, or cauliflower) on the surface of the skin or mucous membranes, as well as flat rounded education is not always elevated above the surface.

Genital warts are located mainly in the areas most susceptible during intercourse: small labia, vagina, cervix, mouth of the urethra, the anus, skin in women. Men papilloma viruses are located in the area of the foreskin, the glans penis, in the perineum, the scrotum, rarely, in the skin pubic area and in the urethra.

The latent period after infection is, on average, from 1 to 12 months, sometimes longer.

In most cases, HPV infection is associated with other diseases, sexually transmitted infections. Therefore, more than an actual diagnosis of diseases such as HIV, syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea (usually chronic), trichomoniasis, ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis, Bacterial vaginosis (bacterial vaginosis), genital herpes, and others, which make the treatment of papilloma virus infection and vice versa.

Should also be mandatory testing and treatment of all partners with whom the patient papillomavirus infection had sex in the past 12 months.

An important aspect is the possibility of contamination of the mother of her child during birth through vaginal, if it was infected and untreated.

Popularity: unranked [?]

The group ToRCH infections include Toxoplasmosis (toxoplasmosis), Rubella (measles), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and Herpes simplex virus (infection caused by herpes simplex virus). All of these infections have one thing: being relatively harmless in normal times, they become extremely dangerous for pregnant women, or rather for the future baby. Therefore to be tested for antibodies to TORCH-infections better than just planning a pregnancy.

If the examination of blood revealed antibodies to these infections – a woman can safely get pregnant. If before pregnancy antibodies to infections TORCH-complex is not detected – the future mom will need to take additional measures to protect themselves and their future baby.

If, however, before the onset of pregnancy tests for TORCH-infection have not been delivered, it must be done at the earliest possible stages of pregnancy. Feature of most infections TORCH-complex in that they are asymptomatic, and has not yet appeared in serious complications in the fetus, a pregnant woman can not even guess at their existence. Therefore, tests for TORCH-infection need to pass regardless of health.

More information about infections

Now more about themselves infections of TORCH.

Toxoplasmosis - a disease that can be contracted from cats, through dirty hands, raw or undercooked (underdone) meat. For a man with a healthy immune toxoplasmosis is not dangerous, and the only situation where it becomes dangerous – a primary infection of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy. If a woman is already infected with toxoplasmosis before pregnancy (not less than six months before her), her unborn child is not threatened by toxoplasmosis. If during pregnancy, toxoplasmosis infection did occur, then there is the risk of serious consequences for the fetus.

Анализы на наличие антител к токсоплазмозу лучше сдавать не во время беременности, а до нее. If the antibodies in the blood of expectant mother is – nothing to fear. If the analysis shows a fresh infection – need to wait six months before you get pregnant. If antibodies are not detected, then the pregnancy must follow the rules, which reduce the risk of contracting toxoplasmosis almost to zero:

But even under these conditions analysis for toxoplasmosis should take some time for the pregnancy. It is desirable in the same laboratory, because, unfortunately, the results of diagnostic studies conducted in different hospitals, often differ.

Following infection of TORCH - rubella. This "child" a disease most often transmitted by airborne droplets and severe consequences, as a rule, not lead. After a postponed rubella vaccine in humans to develop resistance immunity, so do not get sick twice rubella. But for pregnant women and rubella – a serious disease, deadly to the fetus. And as the prevention of rubella does not exist, then the best option – vaccine, which must be done before pregnancy, better month for three or four.

CMV and HSV – dangerous viruses

If for toxoplasmosis and rubella modern mothers have at least some idea, then that is "cytomegalovirus" and "herpes simplex virus" they often do not know.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) exists in two types. I type appears as the well-known "cold" on the lips. Type II (so-called "urogenital herpes") – in most cases affects the genital area.Transmitted herpes airborne and sexually, as well as from pregnant mother to the fetus. If a woman is infected with herpes before pregnancy – antibodies pass to the fetus, together with the virus, and most risk to the fetus is not a disease. Primary infection or relapse during pregnancy can lead to intrauterine infection, accompanied by severe complications, and infection during childbirth can cause diseases of the fetus.

Tested for herpes to both prospective parents in the planning stage of pregnancy. If the herpes virus is detected, the doctor prescribe treatment, after which the infection will not bother any future mother or future child.

Cytomegalovirus infection - a viral infection caused by a cytomegalovirus (CMV). It can be transmitted sexually, through blood, through breastfeeding. In healthy CMV immunity is practically no danger and no symptoms. If immunity is reduced, the CMV is activated and can infect virtually all systems and organs of an infected person. A pregnant woman and fetus cytomegalovirus in an active state may be threatened by the consequences.

As in other cases, the analysis for antibodies to cytomegalovirus is better to pass before pregnancy. If antibodies are not detected, then the woman will recommend a monthly blood test, which does not allow to miss the primary infection, the most dangerous to the fetus. If antibodies to CMV to light and it turns out that a pregnant woman is a passive carrier of CMV, it would have to make additional efforts to maintain a normal immune system. CMV, as well as the child of HSV can infect not only the mother but his father, so should not only examined the woman, which is planning a pregnancy, but also the future father of her child.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Until recently, gonorrhea remains one of the most common diseases, sexually transmitted diseases. Gonorrhea is common in both sexes at any age. Gonorrhea infection occurs during sexual intercourse: vaginal, oral, anal, at least during petting or sexual games with a patient with gonorrhea. The incubation period lasts an average of 3-7 days.

In uncomplicated gonorrhea is blennosis urinary tract: urethra in men, cervix, vagina and urethra in women. This usually occurs frequent urination, discharge from the urethra and vagina, often purulent character. If infection occurred at non-traditional forms of sexual activity, the expression can be expressed in an inflammation of the rectum (proctitis), inflammation of the tonsils and throat (tonsillitis and pharyngitis).

In complicated forms of inflammatory process, together with the genito-urinary organs involve other pelvic organs, accompanied by abdominal pain, irregular menstruation in women, inflammation of the prepuce, prostate, testes and appendages in men.

Self-treatment is unacceptable! First, properly treated, the disease usually becomes chronic, leading to the development of numerous complications. In addition, gonorrhea is often combined with other types of infections. Screening and treatment should undergo not only an infected person, but all his sexual partners.

Popularity: unranked [?]