MEDICAL

Most of the concerns of women with a risk of developing breast cancer. However, isolated pain is rarely a sign of that terrible disease, for which usually is characterized by the concomitant presence of a tumor-education …

Diseases of the breast are very diverse and are characterized by numerous clinical manifestations: pain, including those with pressure, changes in the general form of the glands, form or structure of the glands (the appearance of seals, tumor formations in the usual soft tissue). Pain in one or both breasts (mastalgia) is one of the frequent complaints by women of any age, but more often the problem faced by young women with preserved menstrual function.

Most of the concerns of women with a risk of developing breast cancer. However, isolated pain is rarely a sign of that terrible disease, for which usually is characterized by the concomitant presence of tumor formation.

Causes of pain in one or both breasts: 

Hormonal changes during puberty (the so-called puberty age), as well as during pregnancy or menopause, premenstrual syndrome, breast cancer, breast feeding, breast infections (mastitis, breast abscess), trauma of breast cancer, including surgical treatment Receiving some drugs: estrogensoderzhaschih, digoxin, methyldopa, spironolactone, oxymetholone, and chlorpromazine. 



The main clinical variants: 

1. Cyclical mastalgia – pain associated with menstrual cycle. 

This type of violation is characterized by: 

The appearance of pain in the premenstrual period, and the weakening or disappearance of the beginning of menstruation. Sometimes a clear link with the beginning of menstruation is absent. Usually, bilateral localization, predominantly in the upper, outer area of the mammary glands. Varying intensities of painful sensations – from the dull, aching (more often) to express that impede the movement with his hands. Pain may give in the armpit or arm. The examination can detect a slight roughness mammary tissue. Severity of clinical manifestations usually increases with age and dramatically weakens or disappears after menopause. Emergence of cyclic mastalgia associated with changes in hormonal background. This kind of breach affects more than 2 / 3 of women, usually young reproductive age, but there are similar complaints from women in postmenapauzalnom period receiving hormone replacement therapy drugs. 

2. Acyclic mastalgia – onset of chest pain not related to the menstrual cycle. This type of violation is usually affects women older than 40 years. 

Characteristics: The pain often one-sided. Localization – mainly in the middle of the breast, around the nipple. Sharp, burning, cutting nature of pain. Perhaps as a periodic and continuous. 

Localized, long-term persistent pain in the breast may be associated with the presence in it fibroadenoma (benign tumor) or a cyst. However, in order to exclude more serious causes of acyclic mastalgia (eg, breast cancer), is recommended as possible before treatment to a specialist. 

3. Mastitis and other infectious diseases. In addition to local symptoms (pain, redness, swelling of the breast) are accompanied by the phenomena of intoxication (fever, sometimes with chills, headache, violation of appetite, general weakness, etc.). Often, mastitis occurs in the postpartum period in connection with the penetration of pathogens through mikrotreschinki nipple and stagnation in the iron milk. 

4. Breast. In different degrees of pain (but they may not have!) Is characterized by tumor formation with indistinct contours, usually in the upper outer area of the breast may change in the skin over the tumor in the form of wrinkling or "orange peel", retracted nipple or discharge from his . The risk of developing breast cancer is higher in nulliparous women or women who later gave birth to her first child, women with a hereditary predisposition, overweight, the presence of mastitis. 

Obligatory diagnostic dairy activity is a self-glands. It should become a routine part of life for all women over the age of 20 years. Regular a self allows you to learn well the shape and structure of your breasts and easily identify any changes in them. A self should be done 1 time per month, better than at the end of each menstrual period, or at the same time, women in postmenapauzalnom period. 



Terms of self: Stand in front of the mirror and inspect the breasts in front and 

laterally in 4 positions: with hands down, with your hands, with hands laid on hips, with the torso forward. 

Raising his left hand, right hand gently in a circular motion to grope all the left mammary gland in the direction from top to bottom, similarly, but with his left hand to grope the right breast. 

Lie on your back, placing a cushion under his right shoulder and clasped his right hand behind his head. Direct fingers of his left hand to grope the right breast from the periphery to the nipple, similar to inspect the left mammary gland right hand. Squeeze the nipple gently to ensure the absence of any abnormal discharge, felt the armpits. 

See your doctor if you notice: 

- Change the shape, size or asymmetry of the breast, 

- Seal of tissue in the breast or armpit, 

- Retracted nipple 

- Allocation of the nipple, 

- Change the skin of breast (redness, wrinkling, type "orange" or "lemon peel"). 



What should a woman with mastalgia? 

1. In addition to her self-recommended keeping a diary for at least 2 months, indicating the frequency of pain symptoms and communication with periods of the menstrual cycle. 

2. Annual consultation with mammologist (specialist in diseases of mammary glands), a gynecologist or oncologist – primarily women after 35 years. 

3. Women older than 35 years (especially at risk of developing breast cancer) are recommended to conduct an annual mammogram – x-ray diffraction studies of mammary glands.Mammography is one of the methods of early diagnosis of breast cancer. 

4. Other methods of diagnosis include ultrasound, target biopsy of suspicious breast tissue sections. 

The majority of women with mastalgia breast examination and mammography results are normal. In this case, the diagnosis of breast cancer is unlikely and pain, most likely related to changes in the mammary glands against the background of physiological hormonal fluctuations. 



Treatment 



In 60-80% of breast pain in the absence of seals in its fabric are alone. However, expressed pain, complicating your daily activity, lasting more than a few days each month or the presence of symptoms suggestive of an inflammatory response (fever, redness and swelling of the breast, pain with pressure) require treatment. 

So far, there is insufficient scientific data on the effectiveness of therapeutic measures for cyclical mastalgia. We recommend wearing a suitable bra, a diet low in fat and restriction of dietary products containing methylxanthines (eg caffeine-containing foods), intake of vitamins B and E. Although the effectiveness of dietary interventions and vitamin remains unproven, described cases of relief of pain in Some women who adhere to these recommendations. 

When the ineffectiveness of these activities, consult a doctor because may require the appointment of per oral contraceptives or danazol (antigonadotropny drug) with the aim of correcting hormonal disturbances. Avoid self-treatment, including herbal drugs. 

Treatment of acyclic mastalgia based on the treatment of disease, underlying it. If the cause is not installed, used as a treatment plan for cyclic mastalgia. Detection of cysts or tumors used surgical treatment, which may be supplemented with the malignant nature of tumor radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Treatment of mastitis, depending on the stage and severity of the process include antibiotics with or without surgical opening of the inflammatory focus. 

Dear women, remember that your breasts can be not only a perfect creation of nature, but also a source of health-related problems. Therefore, the appearance of pain and / or change shape, size and consistency of the breast – to contact a specialist. This will help maintain your health, and in some cases and your life! 

Popularity: unranked [?]

Since ancient times, mankind sought methods of birth control. Interestingly, almost all modern methods of contraception have been known for many centuries.Of course, progress has significantly changed them, but the essence remains unchanged for thousands of years …

Contraception: Background 



I think not mistaken if I say that the issues of contraception and stirred concern every woman who comes into sexual contact. The development of contraception – a captivating story, illustrating a woman’s right to determine for itself, giving birth to her or not. Modern methods of contraception with the right to use them quite reliable and has successfully helped millions of women avoid unwanted pregnancies. But it was not always the case. 



For example, there is documented evidence that the calendar method of protection from unwanted pregnancy using tribes in Africa and America. The method of coitus interruptus was only possible in times of medieval Europe, and its description can be found even in the pages of the Bible. And in Europe, and Asia, and America as a method of contraception were widely used decoctions of various herbs. They are used inside or used for douching. 



In ancient times, was advised to resort to the calendar method, and the vagina is washed with water and stop uterine snapdragon astringent (alum, white lead, Mecca Balsam, ink nuts). 



The famous Cleopatra resorted to the barrier method of contraception – as a prototype of cervical caps and vaginal diaphragms used sea sponges soaked in vinegar. Even more exotic for the modern woman look vaginal tampons, made from a mixture of excreta of different animals such as crocodiles, with honey, cabbage leaves and other substances. This choice was not accidental: the modern scientists have proved that animal dung helps release lactic acid, which prevents sperm from entering the uterus. 



Thus, changes in the chemical environment of the vagina was long known method of contraception. His preferred and the eternal lover of all time Kazakova, recommending to enter directly into the vagina before intercourse with lemon slice, but still the most reliable method of contraception, he acknowledged condoms. 



The first such products were made from the intestines of animals, and in some countries – from the skin. It is interesting that even today there are condoms made of leather for those who are allergic to latex and other synthetic materials. 



In the XVI century and the cloth used condoms. And in the XVIII century the first shipments of condoms from the intestines of animals on sale. The drastic changes this wonderful product has undergone since the opening at the end of XIX century rubber – that’s when the condom was quite similar to modern products. 



But the most common method of contraception in the ancient world was douching urine – your own or a partner in such an environment, the sperm die. That this method was most popular in Ancient Russia. 



The development of contraception is not without its surgical methods. Aborigines of Australia with stone tools amputated woman cervix. They practiced and the kind of surgical abortion – tore the fetal membrane by special devices. Sterilization was subjected not only women but also men, the latter did on the penis, special cuts, which prevented the formation of viable sperm.Not far behind them and the Egyptians: using a thin long wooden spokes they caused the destruction of the ovaries, thereby carrying out surgical sterilization. 



If you think about all these often barbaric methods of protection from unwanted pregnancy existed until recently. And their effectiveness is comparable except with the hope of the Almighty "maybe". 



Only in the last century the development of science really allowed women to choose a safe and effective method of contraception at the same time. 

Popularity: unranked [?]

They correspond to the rules of conduct after any type of abortion and seek to preserve women’s reproductive health 



Prohibited: 

Be sure to observe the following precautions: 

Violation of these rules may lead to serious complications. After the abortion, the uterus is in the excited state, and requires several weeks to ensure that her condition normalized. The body’s immunity is lowered, there is restoration of normal functions of fertility. During this period, should pay special attention to their health. In the case of increase in temperature or in strong pain and heavy amount of bleeding should, without delay, consult your doctor, who carried out abortions. 



Separate attempts to medical abortion can result in serious complications.

Popularity: unranked [?]

During the first visit to the patient, who decided to terminate a pregnancy by medical abortion, the physician shall examine and diagnose the pregnancy with ultrasound tests and determines its duration. Examined in detail the pelvic organs is excluded ectopic pregnancy. The patient confirms the intention to terminate a pregnancy, and sign the relevant documents. The survey is necessary in order to minimize the risk of possible complications. Particular attention is given to gynecological and cardiovascular diseases. If there is no contraindication for medical abortion, the patient receives the medication, which she takes in the presence of a doctor. This drug causes resentment fetal eggs organism. During 1-1,5 hours doctor monitors the status of women. The action of the drug begins within 1-2 days. It manifests itself as regular bleeding. 



Two days later the patient again came to the reception. The doctor conducts consultation and examination. The patient takes, again under the supervision of a physician medications that reduce the uterus. The drugs occurs within 1,5 – 2 hours or a little later, the uterus begins to shrink and is a miscarriage. 



During the third visit the doctor conducts examination and ultrasonography of the uterus and ovaries. The purpose of the survey: to check the absence of fragments of fetal eggs in the uterus and make sure that the miscarriage occurred well. The effectiveness of the method is 99%. 

Popularity: unranked [?]

These include inflammatory diseases of genital organs, hormonal disorders, endometriosis, ovarian dysfunction, infertility, complicated pregnancies during follow-up, incomplete pregnancy increases the risk of tumors of the breast, cervix and uterine body. After the abortion dramatically increases the frequency of ectopic pregnancy. 



Given the high risk of severe health consequences, the choice reshivsheysya abortion women, if possible, should fall on the non-surgical methods. Costs are higher, but in this situation, the savings in health is hardly appropriate. 



Medical abortion – is the most modern method of abortion in the early stages. Lack of surgical intervention with the entire set of all possible complications – that’s the main difference between a medical abortion by abortion traditional, surgical (or mechanical). 



World statistics show that more women use it to medical abortion. Thus, in France 80% of abortions performed by this method, in China held more than 5 million medical abortions. 



The advantages of medical abortion: 

Popularity: unranked [?]

The most frightening complication of abortion – a violation of the integrity of the uterine wall (perforation) and its gap. Perforation can cause damage to major vessels, bowel, bladder and peritonitis (peritonitis). Save women’s lives in such a situation can only amputation of the uterus. 



The most frequent complications – bleeding and cervical cancer, blood coagulation, embolism (obstruction of vessels). Quite often, the case of incomplete extraction of fetal eggs. In addition, post-abortion exacerbated chronic diseases of the genital organs (salpingo-oophoritis, endometritis, etc.). Much more serious is the risk of skidding infection in the uterus during an abortion (abortion is infected). If the bacteria have penetrated into the uterus, the chances of inflammation or inflammation of the ovaries and their appendages. The most common infection is not recorded instruments (they are sterile), and penetrates from the vagina after the disclosure of the cervix. 

Popularity: unranked [?]

An important component of pregnancy planning is the use of modern reliable methods of contraception, allowing you to select a convenient time for the birth of the child and to avoid such a women’s health risks of surgical intervention, as abortion.

One priority is to preserve the state of reproductive health, it is possible to the citizen to have healthy children. Already, many young people, caring about the happiness of their children, are planning a pregnancy in advance, which includes a survey and training. However, abortion in Ukraine to date, remains the main method of birth control, despite the fact that it is fraught with many complications for the health and fertility. 



There are two possible ways to terminate a pregnancy: surgery with scraping the uterine cavity and the medical method. For a long time, surgery was the only way to terminate a pregnancy. Like any surgery, abortion can pose a serious threat to a woman’s life. So far, the structure of abortion of female mortality is 18,5%. 



Complications from abortion are of two types: early and late. Early develop during an abortion or immediately after, and later manifested in some time, sometimes years later after the operation. Complications after an abortion – not such a rare phenomenon. 

Popularity: unranked [?]

Symptoms of the following diseases can be detected and you. These diseases are transmitted sexually, but may be caused by micro-organisms and bacteria living in your own body. Uncontrolled multiplication causes big trouble. That is why the diagnosis of these diseases is complex and may require a large number of tests and examinations.

If the proposed treatment does not work, continue to pass tests before the final identification of infection. Here is a list of the most common names, which can consume your doctor. 



Bacterial Vaginitis means infection of the vagina, which does not cause discomfort or irritation. Sometimes, unpleasant odor or vaginal discharge amplified. Many women occurs without symptoms. Caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. 



Inflammatory processes – a term used to describe a bacterial infection of the fallopian tubes, uterus and / or ovaries. Scarring as a result of the disease can cause infertility. In 1980 about 857 thousand American women endured such diseases. Cases of inflammation tend to increase. In the U.S., Britain and Sweden, this figure increased from 1 to 1,4% in women of childbearing age, with a large proportion of falls in the period from 15 to 24 years. Inflammation in the small pelvis provoked gonococcus, chlamydia, other microorganisms, sexually transmitted infection promotes the use of intrauterine devices. Inflammatory processes may be caused by E. coli and rectal bacteria. Some have a protective effect birth control pills, especially if applied over a year. A lot of women inflammation are asymptomatic, while others are marked tenderness in the abdomen, pain or cramping in the active phase of illness, irregular and painful menstruation, pain during intercourse, nausea, vomiting, headaches. In the treatment of commonly prescribed antibiotics, but sometimes, with chronic course, requires surgery. 



Vulvitis – an inflammation of the external genitalia. There have been itching, burning, abundant provision, irritation and redness, swelling of the labia. The causes of the disease may be different micro-organisms transmitted through sexual contact. 



Infection of the prostate – a disease of the prostate. Symptoms: inflammation, difficulty or frequent urination, pain and burning. Reasons not yet entirely clear. In some cases, there are different micro-organisms, but their role is not fully elucidated. Often symptoms do not manifest themselves for many years. Diagnosis and treatment of prostate infections are difficult. Most drugs simply does not reach the prostate gland. You may need long-term treatment with low doses of drugs. After the disappearance of symptoms should make sure that the disease is eliminated. 



Negonoreyny urethritis – inflammation of the urethra. It affects both men and women, is one of the common diseases, sexually transmitted diseases. Called micro-organisms similar to bacteria (but not gonococci). Nobody knows how many people suffer from this disease. But studies show that in the U.S. and Britain the number of 2 times the number of cases of gonorrhea. In college it was extended to 5 times greater than gonorrhea. Almost 30% of infected men disease occurs without symptoms, in others they are similar to signs of inflammation of the urethra or gonorrhea. Most women also have no manifestations, although the same organisms with lesions of the genital tract causing pain and vaginal discharge. The presence of this infection may indicate pain and swelling, often it is transmitted through oral-genital contact. Often, diagnosis is difficult, but if the cause is chlamydia, in 80% of the disease are susceptible to tetracycline antibiotics group. Erythromycin may substitute tetracycline in pregnancy or allergy. 



Proctitis – infection of the anus or rektuma. Symptoms: bleeding or pain, mucous discharge. The reason may be different microorganisms transmitted directly during sexual intercourse. 



Salpingitis – infection of the fallopian tubes. Symptoms are similar to inflammation, the causes may be gonococcus, Chlamydia, E. coli, other bacteria and some viruses. Often there are several micro-organisms. It can lead to infertility. 



Urethritis – infection of the urethra. Disease affects both men and women. Symptoms in men include discharge from the urethra, pain and burning during urination, discomfort, itching. In women, manifestations of the disease are less pronounced. Microorganisms that cause urethritis: gonococcus, chlamydia, herpes, E. coli, other bacteria. 



Cystitis – bladder infection, is more common in women. Relatively rarely in men, as well as the length of the urethra protects against ingress of bacteria in the bladder. Symptoms: pain and burning during urination, frequent urge to urinate, blood in the urine. Pathogens: E. coli, staphylococcus, herpes virus. Some protective measures may serve as urinating after intercourse and the preservation of acidic environment in which bacteria are killed, with cranberry juice. Vaginal intercourse, held after the anal, you should make sure to clean the penis partner. 



Ektotservitsit – inflammation of the outer part of the cervix, caused by bacteria, herpes virus, and others. Symptoms may be vaginal discharge, and all of the above with vaginitis. 



Endometritis – infection of the endometrium. Symptoms are similar manifestations in inflammatory processes. Originators: gonococcus, chlamydia, E. coli, others. A careful examination can detect the simultaneous presence of different microorganisms. Endocervicitis – inflammation of the mucous membrane of the cervix, which may be caused by staphylococcus, gonococcus, chlamydia, viral infection. Symptoms are similar to signs of vaginitis. 



Epididymitis – inflammation of the epididymis. Symptoms: pain, swelling, other changes in the scrotum (often with one hand). Called Chlamydia and gonococcus and other bacteria. 

Popularity: unranked [?]

Female beauty, for centuries the object of thought and philosophers of art, defined by such a basic thing as the hormones – and the female hormones, but not for men. The degree of attractiveness of a woman’s face is directly dependent on the level of estrogen in the body of its owner’s …

Miriam Law Smith and colleagues photographed 59 women aged from 18 to 25 per week for six weeks. Each time these women were an analysis to determine the level of hormones in urine and reported that, at any stage of the menstrual cycle they are at the moment. All these women in this period did not use makeup and do not take contraceptives. 



The researchers then selected the photograph of each of these women, charged at the time the highest concentration of estrogen in their urine. As expected, this coincides with the time of ovulation in the menstrual cycle. Then these pictures offered rate 14 men and 15 women, also aged 18 to 25 years, for attractiveness, healthy appearance and femininity. 



This group have also been proposed to assess the two teams face image. One was composed of the combined images of ten women with the lowest peak levels of estrogen, and the second – from photos of ten women with the highest levels of estrogen. 



"Between the estrogen level of each of the women and their degree of attractiveness, health and femininity estimated participants revealed a very strong and direct correlation. This proves that fertility is related to attractiveness," – said Luo Smith told New Scientist. Those who were named the most healthy and feminine were considered and the most attractive. 



"Perhaps, women with higher levels of hormones estrogen levels also significantly increased in puberty – the critical period when determined by the attractiveness of the person" – suggests it. 



Volume of estrogens produced in puberty, usually lasts seven years, largely depends on heredity. The hormone has a strong influence on bone growth and formation of tissues, as well as the appearance of the skin, Law Smith explains. 



Does this mean that the 13-year-old girls need to enter higher doses of estrogen, in the hope that they will grow up beautiful? "Never! – Lo says Smith. – This, of course, can make them more attractive, but who knows what other consequences might involve the use of hormones?" 

Popularity: unranked [?]

By consulting women, obstetrician-gynecologist is often confronted with a complaint to "delay monthly. In this case, the patient’s anxiety and there are legitimate questions: "Is everything OK?" What if I’m pregnant? Whether this happens with others? Well with me? " Let’s talk about the causes of this condition, which may be different.

Few Physiology

Menstrual cycle – is the monthly change in the female body, which are influenced by sex hormones. The main feature of the normal cycle (the duration of 21-35 days) are regular menstruation – bloody discharge from the genitals, the duration of which is normally 3-7 days. Normal blood loss during menstruation is not more than 50-100 ml.

Menstrual function is regulated by a complex set of joint activities of humoral and neural structures (cortex, hypothalamus and pituitary gland – the endocrine glands, located in the brain) and reproductive organs (ovaries, uterus). Since all levels of the system are interconnected, then delay the next menstrual period may be related to a violation of any of these links.Therefore, the cause of the delay of menstruation may be a "failure" at any level of regulation of the menstrual cycle.

Reasons for delay

Delayed menstruation can be caused by various gynecological diseases, such as inflammation of the uterus (salpingooophoritis), uterine fibroids (benign tumor of the uterus), and others.However, it should be noted that in these diseases are more frequently observed bleeding from the uterus.

Periodic menstruation delays typical for such diseases as polycystic ovaries (PCO). Under this concept combines a number of pathological processes in which disrupted hormones. In this case the body does not ovulate (exit egg from the ovary), and there is infertility.

PCOS is observed in violation of the functions of various organs: hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal gland, thyroid gland and the ovaries themselves. Therefore, the disease can manifest itself differently depending on its causes, and to establish the diagnosis is not enough of any one diagnostic feature or method.

For polycystic ovaries the most common menstrual irregularities (usually – a delay of several days to several months), excessive growth of body hair, enlargement of the ovaries (but not always), half of patients – obesity. When measuring the basal temperature (rectum), it remains roughly constant over the cycle, rather than an increase in the second half, as normal. In the most severe (primary) form of the disease, these signs appear as a teenager after the onset of menses.

To treat the condition prescribed various hormonal treatments used means of reducing the level of male sex hormones (whose formation is increased in this disease), regulate the metabolism in brain structures, etc. In the presence of obesity is absolutely necessary to reduce body weight. In preparation for the planned pregnancy important stage of treatment is to stimulate ovulation – release an egg from the ovary. To do this, use drugs, and when they do not effectively use surgical methods of treatment. At present it is carried out by laparoscopy: in the anterior abdominal wall make small holes through which the injected optical instruments for the inspection of the abdominal cavity and surgical instruments.

Delayed menses may also occur after abortion. The cause is hormonal imbalance, and the fact that during the instrumental curettage of the uterus can be removed an excessive number of tissues, including the portion of the inner lining of the uterus, which normally increases during the menstrual cycle and is excreted in the form of menstrual blood. To restore this functional layer might require several times more than during the normal cycle. That is, post-abortion menses may occur not through 28-32 days and after 40 days or more. This delay is not normal: a woman needed examination and treatment.

The reason for the delay of menstruation may be oral contraceptives. In the course of the drug or after its repeal in several menstrual cycles may be a lack of menstruation: the so-called syndrome gipertormozheniya ovaries.

In development gipertormozheniya ovary syndrome, oral contraceptives overturned. As a rule, within 2-3 months, maximum – within 6 months after the end of their reception function of the ovaries spontaneously recovered. If amenorrhea persists over a long time, appoint a means to promote the work of the pituitary (clomiphene), or drugs that stimulate egg maturation and its exit from the ovary (PERGONAL, Human chorionic gonadotropin). Until the restoration of normal menstrual function should use other methods of contraception.

Stress – long or short-strong – is the cause of the malfunction of central structures (cortex, hypothalamus) that regulate the ovaries and uterus. Examples of such disorders can serve as a so-called amenorrhea wartime, when under stress women stopped menstruating.

Another reason for the considerable delay of menstruation may be a significant and rapid weight loss. Thus, the doctors there such a thing as menstrual critical mass – is the weight, if that adolescent girls tend to start menstruating. However, we are more interested in the fact that with a strong desire to lose weight, reaching this critical mass of menstruation (45-47 kg), a woman can obtain not only the desired result, but the long delay of menstruation.

Most often this phenomenon occurs in anorexia nervosa – eating disorders, characterized by a refusal to take food and / or its rejection. This is accompanied by disorder of such regulatory systems of the body, as the nervous and endocrine. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by a sharp decrease of production of pituitary hormones that regulate, including the ovaries. This violation of the reproductive function should be viewed as a protective response in terms of food shortages and mental stress. So for the restoration of the age hormone secretion requires the achievement of ideal body weight and the elimination of mental stress.

Anorexia nervosa in 50% of cases can occur with episodes of bulimia (binge-eating), after which the patient are particularly obvious signs of anxiety, remorse and depression, successful attempt to induce vomiting.

For this reason, preparing for pregnancy, do not try to achieve the ideal of "90 – 60 – 90. If you plan to lose weight, take it wisely, and better – see a dietitian.

Pregnancy – is, fortunately, the most common and most physiological reason for the delay of menstruation in women of reproductive age. In this case, the delay may be accompanied by monthly features such as a change of taste and olfactory sensations, engorgement, breast tenderness. Typically, a pregnancy test in this case gives a positive result. Delayed menstruation and occurs when an ectopic pregnancy, when fetal egg attaches to the fallopian tube. Thus all subjective sensations, characteristic of pregnancy, may also be present.

What can the doctor?

When violations of the menstrual cycle should immediately seek medical attention. Visit obstetrician-gynecologist would eliminate conditions requiring immediate surgical intervention.

Popularity: unranked [?]