MEDICAL

Cold allergy manifests itself in a few minutes after exposure to low temperature in a rash on exposed skin: face, hands, often on the lips after drinking cold drinks. Eruptions quite dense, pink or whitish color, accompanied by unbearable itching, as after the hives, usually stay for several hours and then disappear. Such a reaction to cold can be repeated continuously.

There are other forms of the disease, which occur in the presence of other diseases – thyroid cancer, lupus erythematosus, and are far more difficult. Sometimes there is a rare form – hereditary, which is inherited. It is accompanied by a burning sensation, and not itch, and is more reaction to the wind than the cold.

But even the most seemingly innocuous form of allergy to the cold reality is not so safe. First, it evokes a strong itch. Unpleasant feeling uncomfortable jolt people out of a rut for a few hours. Secondly, the deteriorating state of health: headaches, lowers blood pressure.Thirdly, for a total supercooling of the organism may appear more severe manifestations – the so-called angioedema.

It is very important for both the doctor and patient time to determine the nature of allergic reaction. To do this, along with sophisticated research using special equipment are fairly simple ways. To confirm the diagnosis of cold urticaria, use regular ice cubes. Put it on the skin, for example, on the wrist and hold for 20 minutes. Then remove and see whether there is a rash, I started itching. In the presence of these symptoms can be assumed that you are prone to cold allergy.

But remember that the test with a piece of ice suitable for confirmation of only the simplest forms of cold allergy not related to other diseases. More complex types of allergic reaction to a lower temperature, resulting in the total supercooling of the organism, can be diagnosed if the reaction on ice will be negative – no rash and itching. In such cases, to confirm the so-called generalized reactions – more in-depth of the cold – use a different test. It is necessary to place the patient in the room where the air temperature of 40C, for 20-30 minutes. In the presence of the disease will necessarily symptoms – rash, edema. Allergic reactions to cold, associated with serious illnesses can be determined only in the clinical setting.

Cold allergy mostly seen in young people, more often it affects women. In young women, it often starts after past infectious diseases.Fight against it rather difficult, because it is impossible to completely eliminate the allergen – the cold. It is a mistake to believe that it can be gradually getting used to. This is not true allergic reaction will occur, but will proceed even harder.

What to do when the first signs of cold allergy?

You can immediately take any antihistamine – tavegil, suprastin, Claritin. Avoid trouble with health in the offseason, in winter, bad weather, try to minimize the effects of cold on the body. Warm scarves, hoods, which protect against wind and retain heat, long, warm gloves should be part of your wardrobe. Before going out on the street put on face, hands a thin layer of any fat cream – it was partially protect the skin from exposure to cold. But greasy cream is contraindicated for individuals to girls suffering from acne, because it clogs the pores. Lip balm in the winter benefits everyone.

But it is wrong to believe that by taking a few pills, you can get rid of the disease. If an allergic reaction to cold appears constantly, we should certainly find out whether it is with any other disease. It is very important.

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The term hay fever (from the English word pollen – pollen) understand the clinical manifestations of allergic reactions to pollen. Another is a disease known as "hay fever" and "spring catarrh". Despite the fact that the disease known since ancient times, only in the middle of the XIX century was able to prove that the seasonal rhinitis, sneezing, watery eyes, appearing in spring and summer, causing pollen.

What are the main manifestation of hay fever?

Most often this rinokonyunktivit, ie, allergic reactions, manifested lacrimation, redness and itching conjunctivas, itching of the wings of the nose, sneezing, abundant liquid secretions from the nose. Less to rhinitis associated dry cough and asthma – bronchial pollen asthma.Also, pollen may cause exacerbation of atopic dermatitis, urticaria, angioedema.

What plants cause allergies?

Anemophilous plants in which the process of pollination occurs by wind. They do not bloom with beautiful large flowers, and throw the pollen in the air in huge quantities. These plants include deciduous trees, grasses and weeds.

Pollen of conifers is not dangerous and rarely cause pollinosis, as pollen particles are very large size (the exception – Japanese cedar). The process of flowering begins in early April, and the peak concentration of pollen in the air falls on May holidays. The most allergenic include alder, hazel, birch, oak, ash. From late May to late July actively blooming grasses: tall fescue, timothy, bent grass, cocksfoot, meadow grass, ryegrass, foxtail, fire, rye. In late summer and until October blooming weeds: wormwood, goosefoot, nettle, ragweed.

The diagnosis of hay fever can be put on the basis of the complaints of the patient. Typically, patients themselves may well be called allergist month of onset of symptoms, and the month when the aggravation ends. Also there is a clear link between the presence on the street and the appearance of symptoms. Pollen mostly in the morning hours in dry windy weather. Before the storm

its concentration can increase 12 times! This is due to the fact that the wind once again rise from the earth pollen grains that have fallen from the anthers in the previous days. After rain pollen nailed drops of water, and in such weather pollinosis patients breathe easier. You can not hide from the pollen in the city, as well as for her overcome the distance of several hundred kilometers nothing. Urban pollen even more dangerous than the countryside, as "touches" on a variety of pollutants, such as combustion products of diesel fuel, which makes it even more allergenic.

Diagnosis of hay fever was confirmed by allergoobledovaniya: skin tests with allergens and determination allergenspetsificheskih immunoglobulin E to pollen allergens in blood serum.

How to prevent the worsening of hay fever?

The best – climatotherapy. Knowing where to start, aggravation plan your vacation and leave time to blossom in another climate zone.Ideally – desert or tundra. If leave is not obtained, then at the time of flowering at least try to go outdoors, especially in good weather, often to wash, do not walk home in the "street" clothes, to hold daily wet cleaning in the bedroom, use air purifiers. Pollen can enter the house through the window and become a component of household dust, so tidy with ventilation facilities.

In this period also desirable to keep to a diet that excludes cross-reactive allergens, as well as to exclude herbal cosmetics and herbal medicine.

How to treat hay fever?

Drug treatment (Rx antihistamines, nose sprays, drops in the eye) should be started before the flowering plants and continue the season palinatsii. Allergy drugs is now very much, and a visit to the allergist will help choose the optimal combination of drugs. In addition there are also successfully applied the methods of immunotherapy hay fever. This specific immunotherapy, ie the introduction of a patient of the causal allergens by injection or drops, as well as autolimfotsitoterapiya based on the introduction into the patient’s own immune system cells lymphocytes and granulocytes. Both of these methods are used without exacerbation, ie in late autumn and winter, when nothing is blooming.

If you or your loved ones is a reaction to pollen, then pull to the examination and treatment should not be, because the smaller the length of illness than the patient is young, the more effective the treatment is immunotherapy.

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Angioedema (on behalf of his German doctor who discovered H. I. Quincke, synonyms: angioedema, angioedema) – acute allergic disease characterized by the appearance of a massive edema of the skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue and mucous membranes. Most angioedema develops on the face, neck and upper torso, back of hands and feet. Реже отек Квинке может поразить оболочки мозга, суставы, внутренние органы.

Who suffers Angioedema?

Angioedema can get sick of any person, but the greatest risk of developing the disease occurs in people with allergies of different types. Young women and children suffering from angioedema often than men and older people.

What are the causes of angioedema?

There are two types of angioedema: allergic and pseudo-.

Allergic angioedema, as well as other allergic diseases, occurs as a result of severe allergic reactions, which develops in response to the penetration into the body of a specific allergen. Allergic angioedema is often combined with food allergies, bronchial asthma, urticaria, hay fever.

Pseudo-angioedema (ie allergic) develops in people with congenital disorders of the complement system. System of a compliment is a group of blood proteins involved in the development of primary immune and allergic reactions. In human blood, these proteins are inactive and are activated only at the time and place of entry into the body of an alien antigen. In patients with pseudo-Quincke’s edema compliment system capable of being activated spontaneously or in response to thermal or chemical stimuli (heat, cold), leading to the development of a massive allergic reaction.

What are the symptoms of angioedema?

Typical symptoms of angioedema – is acutely occurring tissue edema person back of the hands, neck, back of the feet. In the area of edema, pale skin. Angioedema is usually not accompanied by itching. Which developed swelling disappears within a few hours or days.

The most dangerous form of angioedema is swelling of the pharynx, larynx, trachea which is observed in every fourth patient with angioedema. In these patients, there is a sudden anxiety, shortness of breath, possible loss of consciousness. Examination of the mucous neck in such patients reveals swelling of the soft palate and palatal arches, narrowing of the lumen of the throat. In the event of swelling of the larynx and trachea of the patient may die from suffocation.

Children angioedema manifests itself more or less limited foci of edema of the skin and mucous membranes.

Angioedema of the internal organs is manifested by sharp abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting.

Diagnosis of Angioedema

Diagnosis of angioedema is usually conducted on the basis of symptoms, response to the injection of adrenalin edema. In some cases, allergic angioedema to establish a causal allergen spend allergological samples.

Treatment of angioedema

Treatment of angioedema is aimed at suppressing allergic reaction. In all cases of angioedema should be aware of the danger of respiratory and patient death from suffocation. In cases where the patient developed symptoms characteristic of the lesion of the pharynx and larynx (see above) should immediately call an ambulance. Patient with edema of the larynx is in urgent need of hospitalization in the intensive care unit or intensive care unit.

Prevention angioedema

Prevention of angioedema is in compliance with a strict diet (exclusion of allergens), the exclusion of allergens from the environment of the patient, prophylactic administration of antihistamines during the flowering plants, or contact with other allergens.

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In true allergic reactions to antigens (allergens), there is a so-called false allergy (pseudoallergy). Pseudo-reactions take place without the participation of antibodies, so many allergy tests are negative. Histamine and other mediators involved in the implementation of the pseudo-reactions, the same as that of a true allergy – this explains the similarity of the manifestations of allergic and pseudo-disease.

There is substance-Liberatore, have the ability to cause a nonspecific release of histamine, which cause the symptoms of allergy. These include eggs, fish and fish products, meat, crustacean and other marine animals, chocolates, preserves, strawberry, melon, pineapple, nuts, etc. Another limes liberatsii histamine characterized by damage to the cells under the influence of physical factors: high and low temperatures, ionizing radiation, ultraviolet rays, vibration, chemical agents – acids, alkalis, detergents, solvents, drugs (penicillin), components of bee venom, hypotonic solutions of sodium chloride, etc.

Histamine release is accompanied by a sharp increase in its level in the blood, the development of vegetative and vascular reactions – redness, a feeling of heat, skin hives, headache, difficulty breathing. Pseudo-reactions may manifest as hives (blistering), headache, dizziness, digestion (dyspepsia), cardiovascular hypotonic and hypertonic crises (the latter similar to the true essential hypertension), etc.

The speed and efficiency of healing pseudo-states depend on how well the body occur in the processes leading to a decrease in the activity of histamine.

There allergies histamine inactivation processes are being violated. The same happens with some other diseases: dysbacteriosis, tuberculosis, cirrhosis of the liver, the same person experiences in the use of foods rich in histamine and tyramine.

Popularity: 25% [?]

Urticaria - an allergic disease characterized by the formation of the skin and mucous membranes blisters.

Motivations

Factors contributing to the development of hives, is divided into exogenous (physical – temperature, mechanical, chemical, etc.) and endogenous (pathological processes in the internal organs, disorders of the nervous system). Pathogenesis of all cases have many common links. Etiological factors cause the accumulation in the tissues of chemically active substances such as histamine, which increase the permeability of vascular walls, expand capillaries, resulting in swelling of the papillary dermis that contribute to blisters.

The role of allergens may play a partially decomposed protein products, have not lost their specificity (penetrating into the blood stream, they induce an antibody response to certain foods), toxins (bad food, partially digested), toxic substances produced during colitis, a lack of kidney function. Possible bacterial allergy. Important role in the pathogenesis of urticaria are functional disorders of the nervous system, especially the autonomic. In particular, the known cholinergic urticaria, which develops in the nervous excitement and the resulting release of acetylcholine in the tissues under the influence of stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system.

The course of the disease

The clinical picture of urticaria characterized by the formation of the skin (rarely the mucous membranes), exudative bespolostnyh ephemeral elements – blisters, swollen, tight, bright pink, rose above the level of the skin, of various sizes (diameters from 0,5 up to 10-15 cm) and shapes ( rounded, krupnofestonchatyh, etc.), often with a zone of blanching in the center. Blisters disappear (sometimes after a few minutes) without a trace.

Acute urticaria is characterized by a sudden onset, the emergence of a strong itching, burning sensation and rash on any parts of the skin and mucous membranes of the lips, tongue, soft palate, larynx. Blisters can be of different sizes and shapes, possibly merging them, accompanied by a violation of general condition (nettle-rash, arthralgia). Acute urticaria usually due to drug or food allergies, parenteral administration of drugs, serums, vaccines, blood transfusions.

Acute limited angioedema (angioedema) is also characterized by the sudden development of a limited swelling of the skin (mucosa) and subcutaneous fat face (lips, cheeks, eyelids, etc.) or genital organs. This skin becomes plotnoelasticheskoy, white, rarely pink.Subjective feelings are usually absent. After a few hours or 1-2 days edema decreases. Perhaps a combination of angioedema with ordinary urticaria. In edema, the developing human larynx, possible stenosis and asphyxia.

Chronic recurrent urticaria usually develops on the background of prolonged sensitization caused by foci of chronic infection (tonsillitis, cholecystitis, adnexitis, etc.), violation of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and other relapses, characterized by blisters on the various sections of skin, is replaced by remissions different durations. During the attack possible headache, weakness, fever, arthralgia, edema in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract – nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Agonizing itching may be accompanied by insomnia, neurotic disorders.

Solar urticaria - a kind photodermatosis; develops in people suffering from liver disease and impaired porphyrin exchange when expressed sensitization to ultraviolet rays. Sick more often women. The disease is characterized by the appearance of rash on exposed skin (face, hands, etc.). Seasonal (spring-summer). Prolonged exposure to the sun rash may be accompanied by the general reaction of the organism as a violation of respiration and cardiac activity, possible shock.

The diagnosis in typical cases, the difficulty does not represent. The differential diagnosis spend with dermatosis Duhring, for which, in addition to elements of urticaria, characterized by vesicles, papules.

Treatment

In acute urticaria caused by oral intake of medicines and food substances, are shown laxatives, hyposensitization preparations – 10% solution of calcium chloride in a / c, calcium gluconate / m, antihistamines. In severe cases, the attack can be cut short introduction n / a 1 ml of adrenaline, cortico-steroids (for threatening laryngeal edema is better to enter into / in). Outwardly – antipruritic: 1% alcoholic solution of menthol, salicylic acid, calendula.

Chronic urticaria is necessary to identify the etiological factor. In the case of detection of the allergen shows a specific hyposensitization, readjustment of foci of chronic infection, treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, de-worming. When violations of the nervous system – sedation. Recommended milk-vegetable diet with the exception of stimulants. Shown as general ionogalvanizatsiya with calcium chloride, subaqueous baths. In the case of solar urticaria – fotodesensibiliziruyuschie drugs (do Lago, plakvekil).

Prevention

Treatment of chronic foci of infection, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, the exclusion of repeated exposure to allergens.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Spring catarrh (spring conjunctivitis) - a chronic inflammation of the eyelids and conjunctiva of the eyeball, growing in the spring and summer. It is believed that the origin of the disease play a major role allergic factors, endocrine disorders and ultraviolet radiation.

Symptoms of spring catarrh (spring conjunctivitis)

Photophobia, watery eyes, itchy eyes. Distinguish conjunctival, corneal and mixed forms of the disease.

When conjunctival form connective sheath of the cartilage of the upper eyelid has a milky color and covered with large flattened pale pink papillary growths, resembling "cobblestones".At the transition conjunctiva and lower eyelid folds are very rare. Corneal form of the disease is characterized by the appearance of grayish-pale glassy swelling limb inwards from which occasionally there are delicate corneal opacity. Detachable slight or absent. The flow of long-term with periodic exacerbations, mainly in spring and summer. The disease usually occurs in adolescence and many years later calms down.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Bronchial asthma - a chronic allergic lung disease manifesting bouts of shortness of breath or choking, sometimes a dry cough, in response to an allergen or effect against colds, exercise, emotional stress.

Treatment of bronchial asthma – a lengthy process, requiring constant medical supervision and the high responsibility of the patient. The drugs for the treatment of asthma is not aimed at addressing the causes of the disease (which, incidentally, is not yet known), and the withdrawal of attacks and their prevention. That is why so much attention is paid to physicians is the prevention of attacks, and primarily non-medical means.

Prevention includes activities aimed at eliminating the causes of the deterioration of the patient. This is – a healthy lifestyle (with the exception of smoking, maintenance of cleanliness of working and living quarters, regular exposure to fresh air). Despite the seeming simplicity of these measures, they are in reality (a scientific fact!) Contribute to a significant reduction in the frequency of attacks.

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Need to know "their" allergen

If you know that an allergen is a pet hair, you should either avoid contact with them, or if you do have a chance of isolated contacts, use of medications to relieve attacks as prophylaxis before contact with the animal.

Allergen can be dry food for aquarium fish – need to replace it with other types of food.

Often the cause of poor health is a pen that is stuffed pillows, and wool mattresses. Therefore, asthmatics need to replace these bedding to contain a synthetic material (sintepon), which are now available for sale without any problems.

Need to review the entire arsenal of cosmetics and perfumes, which you (or those who live with you) are using – among these funds may be those that provoke allergies.

Allergy to pollen – one of the most common species, so if you said that the seizures tend to occur at certain times of the year (at the time of flowering of certain species of grasses or trees), you should be possible to withdraw from the region, and if it is impossible – to take action drug prevention.

Asthma attacks and other manifestations of allergies can also be caused by medications, including acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol and other analgesics.

Should be excluded from the diet those foods which can provoke asthma attacks (honey, citrus fruits, nuts, chocolate, products that contain dyes and preservatives, etc.).

It should be understood that from the strict adherence to those principles being improved and therefore reduce the need for medication.

However, in many cases drug therapy can not be avoided. Therefore necessary under the supervision of a physician, allergist or pulmonologist to pick up the regime and the other therapies, which provide the fullest protection from attacks.

There are several criteria by which to judge both the severity of asthma, and the effectiveness of control over its course:

Based on these criteria, doctors are three degrees of severity of asthma: mild, medium and heavy. Each of them is treated in its own way and in accordance with this treatment are three stages of therapy. If treatment is effective, then the patient goes to a higher level in the previous, where more "soft" drugs, or the same as he was, but less frequently or in smaller doses.

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What is atopy?

Called atopic genetic predisposition to develop excessive amounts of immunoglobulin E in response to contact with allergen environment. The term "atopy", which comes from the Greek word meaning "alien", first introduced AFCoca in 1922 to determine the hereditary forms of hypersensitivity to environmental factors. Manifestations of atopy are various allergic diseases and their combinations. The term "allergy" is often used as a synonym for allergic diseases, which is a mediator of immunoglobulin E, but in some patients with these diseases the levels of immunoglobulin are normal, and then released are not mediated by immunoglobulin E variant of the disease.

Atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis – the most common skin diseases in infants and children, usually begins during the first 6 months of life and often continues into adulthood. Often used other terms to describe the same pathology. The most common – eczema, and even suggested a new term – "syndrome, atopic eczema / dermatitis". Earlier widely used terms such as diffuse neurodermatitis Brock, prurigo Besnier, ekzematoid, constitutional eczema, etc. In our country almost all the skin lesions in children called diathesis. Atopic dermatitis was introduced to the group of allergic diseases in 1933 on the ground that this form of eczema with bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis in all the world continues to grow, like other atopic diseases. The disease affects patients and their families, leading to sleep disturbances, psychological problems and increased financial costs.

For atopic dermatitis is characterized by an inherited predisposition to allergies, age, morphology of the eruption, phasic development and susceptibility to chronic recurrent course.

Clinical forms, depending on age

Atopic dermatitis is divided into 3 successive phases: infant, child and adult, and each has distinctive features. Infant form is observed in children from birth to 2 years. Favorite localization: a person extensor surface of limbs, may be distributed on the body. Characteristically get wet, the formation of crusts, dryness of the skin. Often exacerbated by the introduction of complementary foods and teething. Childrens form (2-12 years): skin rash primarily on the flexor surface of extremities, neck, elbow and in the popliteal pits and back of the hand. Characteristic hyperemia and edema of the skin, lihenifikatsiya (thickening and strengthening the skin of the figure), papules, plaques, erosions, cracks, scratches and peels. Cracks particularly painful in the hands and soles. It may mark the age of hyperpigmentation due to scratching, the appearance of the characteristic folds of skin under the eyes under the lower lid (Morgan-Denier line). In the adult form of juvenile released form (up to 18 years). During adolescence may be the disappearance of rash (mostly in boys), and a sharp aggravation of dermatitis with an increase in the area of lesion, lesion of the face and neck (red face syndrome), decolletage and hands of the skin around the wrists and elbows in the pits. The adult form is often continues into adulthood. Mostly defeat flexor surfaces in the natural folds, face and neck, dorsum of hands, feet, toes. Soak usually indicates the accession of secondary infection. But in any phase of the typical dry skin, itchy skin, thickening of the skin with increased skin drawing (lihenifikatsiya), desquamation, hyperemia and typical for each age rashes. Form a vicious circle: the itch – scratching – rash – itching. By the mandatory criteria of diagnosis include itching, a chronic relapsing course, atopy in the patient or relatives and typical in appearance and localization of rash. There are many additional symptoms, not mandatory, but often very bright. The diagnosis of atopic dermatitis depends on the exclusion of diseases such as scabies, allergic contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis and ichthyosis. Leather with atopic dermatitis changed even without exacerbation and the seemingly unaltered areas of skin. Its structure and water balance violated. This requires special skin care.

Hereditary predisposition and factors, playing role in the implementation of disease

In 80% of cases family history burdened, most often through the mother, sometimes by the father, and often – on both. If atopic diseases have both parents, the risk of a child is 60-80%, if one – 45-50%, if both are healthy – 10-20%. Endogenous factors in combination with various exogenous factors lead to the development of clinical manifestations of disease.

In the first years of life atopic dermatitis is the result of food allergies. Common cause is cow’s milk proteins, eggs, cereals, fish and soy. Known advantages of breastfeeding, but must respect hypoallergenic diet nursing mother. But in some cases, when a mother suffers from severe allergies, had to use artificial feeding, infant formula based on vysokogidrolizirovannyh or partially hydrolyzed milk protein, less soy mixture.

With age, the leading role of food allergy decreases (eg, up to 90% of children do not carry cow’s milk, have the ability to endure – tolerance – to 3 years), and come to the fore allergens such as house dust mites, pollen, mold spores . Special role in the course of atopic dermatitis is staphylococcus. It is sown with 93% of the sites affected and with 76% of the intact (not changed in appearance) of the skin. Staphylococcus produces endotoxins with the properties of superantigens, and can sustain chronic inflammation in atopic dermatitis.

Atopic march

Atopic march is the natural course of development of manifestations of atopy. It is characterized by a typical sequence of development of clinical symptoms of atopic disease, when some symptoms become more pronounced, while others are declining. Usually, clinical symptoms of atopic dermatitis may precede the appearance of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis.According to several studies, approximately half of patients with atopic dermatitis in further developing bronchial asthma, especially if severe illness, and two-thirds – allergic rhinitis. In children with the easiest course of the disease have been reported of allergic rhinitis or bronchial asthma. The severity of atopic dermatitis can be regarded as a risk factor for bronchial asthma.According to studies in patients with severe atopic dermatitis risk of developing asthma was 70%, lung – 30%, and in general among all children – 8-10%. It is therefore important that the treatment was not only directed at the prevention of the exacerbation of atopic dermatitis, but more importantly, to prevent the development of other forms of atopic diseases.

The disease affects the quality of life of patients and their families, and also requires considerable expenditure. Studies have shown that caring for a child with atopic dermatitis associated with stressful than caring for a child with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Treatment of atopic dermatitis

At present, complete cure of atopic dermatitis is not possible. Atopic dermatitis – a chronic disease that requires long-term monitoring of the disease. A comprehensive approach to therapy. Treatment consists of selecting the most appropriate combinations of supporting basic therapy (skin care) and anti-inflammatory therapy as needed. The elimination or reduction of exposure to allergen and reduce non-allergenic effects prevents exacerbation of the disease. The effectiveness of therapy for atopic dermatitis is greatly improved if the patient education, his parents and family in the system allergoshkol.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Anaphylaxis - a first shock – acute evolving state of the inconsistency of delivery and oxygen consumption, characterized by acute circulatory insufficiency (acute circulatory failure), until collaptoid state that occurs as a result of anaphylaxis (abnormal response of the human impact on the re-allergen). Anaphylactic reactions (anaphylactic shock) – life-threatening emergency condition rapidly evolving pronounced vascular collapse.

Anaphylaxis may be accompanied by such concurrent nature of allergic reactions such as:

Like any acute circulatory failure, and later, and respiration is accompanied by manifestations of the state of the central nervous system – the original feeling of fear, anxiety and even excitement, and then dizziness, progressive depression of consciousness up to coma.

Depending on the intensity of the impact of allergic factors and characteristics of the organism’s reaction – anaphylactic shock may develop in the time interval of several minutes (10-15 minutes) to several hours.

First aid (doctor) should be mandatory immediately call for the initial manifestations of any severe allergic reaction, which has increasing character. Or even with minimal allergic (described above) forms, but with a rising heart rate, decrease (even moderate – 10-20 mmHg. Cent.) Blood pressure, the appearance of dyspnea, bronchospasm, mucosal edema gortanoglotki (cough, dysphonia – voice hoarseness, a feeling of suffocation). In general, such a rule, any patient with an acute allergic reaction should be examined by a doctor immediately. But with the appearance of the above described, in addition to acute allergic reaction, should be further emphasized and notified the dispatcher ambulance to decide whether an emergency medical assistance specialist team of emergency medical care.

Remember that the anaphylactic reaction is easier to prevent than to cure.

In no event should not wait until a comprehensive picture of anaphylactic shock in order to call an ambulance. This is connected with its life-threatening nature of the flow.Anaphylaxis – requires immediate hospitalization of the patient in connection with the need to provide them with competent medical care in the intensive care department.

Given the timing of development of anaphylactic shock, emergency care may require that patients already at the stage of the arrival of the emergency and during transport of patients, which requires an appropriately qualified staff team of emergency medical care (the ability to carry out resuscitation and intensive-therapeutic measures) and equip ambulances aid equipment (cardio with a pulse oximeter, breathing apparatus, set for intubation and trachea (CONIC) tomii), oxygen, drugs and solutions.

Interventions (desensitizing, anti-inflammatory, anti, hemodynamic, respiratory therapy and oxygen therapy) should not delay or impede the transportation of the patient in hospital. With the exception of short episodes of time required for resuscitation (heart massage and intubation), if they can not, for whatever reason, be in the process of motion. This is due to the fact that all these measures do not guarantee rapid relief of the manifestations of anaphylactic shock and not a substitute for the opportunities of qualified medical care that exist in a hospital environment.

Before the arrival of the brigade ambulance, if possible, should:

It should be remembered that information of value to the emergency doctor who can provide the patient, his relatives or close friends, as well as those who stayed with the patient during the development of anaphylactic shock, is:

The cause of anaphylaxis may include: the introduction of drugs (antibiotics, etc.), insect bites (often biting); food; pollen, dust, chemicals, drugs and blood products.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Allergic rhinitis is a widespread disease. Over the past decades in all economically developed countries noted an increase in the number of patients with allergic rhinitis, and according to epidemiological studies conducted in different countries, its prevalence ranges from 1 to 40%.

In patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis caused by allergic disease pollen. The appearance of such manifestations of respiratory allergy, as rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, itchy nose, and others in times of flowering plants is very characteristic of seasonal allergic rhinitis.

The flow of allergic rhinitis is defined as light in those cases when his symptoms did not affect sleep and daily activity of the patient, as well as professional activities and studies.

At moderate form of the disease are violated sleep and daily activity of the patient deteriorates the quality of life. Severe AR implies the presence of the patient’s painful symptoms that make it impossible to sleep, work, play sports, relax.

Reduced contact with an allergen or its removal

The severity of allergic rhinitis is directly related to the concentration of allergens in the environment. For example, patients with allergy to birch pollen in the cold season to forget about their disease, but every year during the period of flowering birch they again observed the symptoms of rhinitis. Reducing exposure to cause a significant allergen is the first and necessary step in the treatment of such patients. It is obvious that in most cases to achieve complete elimination of contact with the allergen is impossible, but thanks to the scrupulous implementation of the recommendations made easier for the disease, reduced need for medication.

How to reduce the concentration of pollen allergens

It should be tightly shut windows in the apartment and at work, do not open the windows in the car.

In the period of flowering plants causal should refrain from hiking in the woods, trips out of town, can recommend to patients to travel to other climatic zones, using the calendar of flowering plants of different regions.

It should limit the stay on the street in the dry hot weather and in the morning, as the concentration of pollen allergen at this time, the highest.

Coming out into the street, we need to use sunglasses, and when returning – to wash out the mucous membranes of the nose and eyes, is also useful to take a shower.

If you have food allergies need to cross comply strictly with hypoallergenic diet.

Do not use herbal and dietary supplements, cosmetic products containing pollen and plant extracts.

In the treatment of allergic rhinitis important place belongs to antihistamines. With their admission in patients with significantly reduced symptoms of allergic rhinitis, as an itchy nose, sneezing, rhinorrhea. Effective are these drugs and with a concomitant allergic conjunctivitis.

Well known advantages and disadvantages of antihistamines perparatov first and second generations. Sedation, characteristic of the first generation antihistamines, significantly limits their application. This is especially important to remember when appointing these drugs to patients whose occupation requires concentration and quick decision-making, as well as students and schoolchildren – in connection with a decrease in the ability to learn, absorb new knowledge. Be wary of the first generation of drugs should be prescribed to patients with glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, with severe liver damage.

The new antihistamines have significant advantages over first-generation drugs. These drugs are deprived of most of the shortcomings of the earlier antihistamines. They are characterized by rapid onset and prolonged (24 h) effect, the absence or minimal sedation, it has not developed a tolerance, therefore, possible long-term prescription of one drug without reducing its clinical effectiveness.

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