MEDICAL

How to prevent colds and protect yourself, if someone from the staff already sick? Doctors suggest several ways to effective prevention.

Drink vitamin cocktails

Instead of an office coffee drink whole team vitamin teas. For this first week peretrite berries, rich in vitamin C, with sugar, cover with hot water and leave for the night (so berries will have time to “give up” all their vitamins).

This may be cranberry, raspberry, black currant, wild rose, honeysuckle. Reheat the tea in the microwave and drink during the day.

Put on the table geranium

Geranium leaves contain volatile substances, phytoncides (so-called herbal antibiotics), which will destroy the germs in the air.In geranium, phytoncides rich two more indoor plants – begonias and royal Chlorophytum Crested.

If you wanted to sneeze, twists in the nose, it is necessary to break a leaf, rub it in your hands – then allocate a lot phytoncids – and a moment to breathe a spicy flavor.

Start your ionizer

Ionization – a good way to clear the air not only from dust but also from germs. Typically, the ionizers have 2 modes: day, while you work, use ionizing, and at night leave ozonatsiyu.

The ionized air is absolutely harmless, but the ozone, although more ions neutralizes the microbes, but if they breathe longer than an hour, can cause headaches.

Try citrus salad

Take 3 of treated oranges, 2 tangerines, 1 grapefruit, cut them into pieces, squeeze half a lemon in a bowl and sprinkle the top with coriander.

Toss salad and let it brew for 20 minutes. Eat this salad for dessert 2-3 times a week. This is a wonderful tool polyvitaminic rich in vegetable proteins, flavonoids, vitamin C, which strengthens the immune system.

Click the Brazil nuts

They are leaders on the content of selenium (1530 micrograms per 100 grams of nuts). This is a powerful immune stimulant and antioxidant. If the body lacks this element was not originally a very dangerous flu virus mutates already actively being directly in the cells of the human body.

So there are all sorts of complications of influenza. Several of Brazil nuts a day can help prevent the flu and the development of adverse effects.

Mazhte nose ointment

Suitable ointment containing oksolin. Her thick foundation will contribute to the attachment of viruses, and the substance oksolin – to destroy them. To protect lubricate both the inner surfaces of the nostrils (mucous), a thin layer of ointment and update it 2-3 times a day (when you feel that the layer was thin).

Ventilate the area

Microbes are passed from one person to another in the air, so the drafts of the infection can drive on the street. Therefore, ventilate the room in which to work, every hour for 5 minutes. If not, the concentration of virus in the office will grow, and therefore can be easier to catch.

Forget to remove the workplace

Viruses can get to you no one “jump”, but several, like dust. And by the way they osyadut on objects around you, on your desktop. Therefore, make it wet cleaning – at least once a day. Be assured that the cloth will stay much contagion, but next to you – enough.

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In the first warm days particularly hurt paste up. How to protect yourself from problems that often appear at this time?

What troubles await us in the spring? And can they be avoided?

Take vitamins

As you know, spring – time hypovitaminosis. Its peak occurs in March, but more acutely felt the lack of vitamins. So open the regular packing with multivitamin complex and do not take to heart the horror stories about that too many vitamins, they say, is harmful. Evidence that there is no – on the contrary, recent studies of Norwegian scientists have shown that taking vitamin-mineral complexes by 10% lowers our chance to catch SARS. One only vitamin C, which we often swallow this purpose, much less effective – it reduces the risk of colds by only 2%.

Calms nerves

Scientifically proven: increased daylight hours and the associated fluctuations in our hormone levels activates the nervous system. It becomes much more excitable, that the stress can lead to breakdown. No wonder the spring depression affects 7% of men and 20% of women. Prevent the problem: if you feel that you have become more emotional and inflated than usual, before going to bed take a light sedative.

Cherish stomach

Seasonal exacerbation of gastric diseases susceptible of more than 70% of people. And if the ulcer with experience in the spring take special drugs and diets, then the rest do not understand why suddenly appear heartburn and pain. It’s simple: an excited nervous system increases the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, develops gastritis and throw acid stomach contents into the esophagus.

And blame picnics with excessive alcohol consumption and roasted meat. Fresh air only spur the appetite.

If the first signs of stomach problems, follow the simple rules.

We go to the allergist

Reminded of dermatitis or asthma? It is not surprising. In musty grass showing from under the snow in the spring, many microscopic fungi, which can be the strongest allergen.

Alder and hazel bloom a little later begins to "raise dust" birch – a scourge of our parks.

If a runny nose, watery eyes, rashes on the skin appear after the attacks on nature – most likely, this is your case.

Fortunately, this allergy successfully treated. So forward to the consultation to the allergist. Only he can make a diagnosis on the basis of a comprehensive examination, including skin tests for allergies, blood, scrapings from the mucosa, and pick the right treatment.

Lowers the rate of working

Scientists say that workaholism threatens … poglupeniem. A study by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, were published in the American Journal of Epidemiology. The scientists studied more than 2000 civil servants, who worked from 40 to 60 hours per week. Comparing their performance and individual performance intelligence, scientists have discovered pattern: those who work more than 55 hours per week, showed much more modest mental abilities and complained of a bad memory.

Long-term mental overload as damaging to the brain, such as smoking or alcohol, the researchers summarized. Optimal rate of development of scientists named the 41 hour work week: from these workers, the average mental performance was above everything.

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Nosebleeds usually begins abruptly. What to do in this case?

First of all, you need to exclude any physical activity, and sit down. It is better to tilt your head slightly forward, just tilt, but not deleted. For many it is quite surprising recommendation, as is usually the head rises. But this only prevents the exit of blood out.She runs down the back of the throat to the stomach and can cause nausea and even vomiting, that will only increase the bleeding. Continue to firmly squeeze the wings of the nose to the nasal septum. Simply put, we must hold his nose with thumb and forefinger.

That is how – with clamped nose – to sit for 5-10 minutes. Well, if there is an opportunity to attach to the bridge of something cold – a glass of ice cream or just taken from the refrigerator bottle. This will help stop the bleeding. If it continues and becomes even weaker, it is best to consult a doctor. After going nose blood – it is not so innocent as it seems at first glance. Heavy bleeding can cause weakness, loss of consciousness and even shock.

If the nosebleeds started home

Then we must act on the already well-known scheme. Need to sit down or take Half-upright position, hold his nose with his hand and attach to the bridge of something cold. The best fit, of course, ice. But if not, then you can use the contents of the freezer – there’s always some kind of freeze. It must make not only to the nose, but also to the back – so to stop the bleeding quickly. If you help not to have any action, you need to begin the second part of the program. Must prepare nasal turundy – tightly rolled cotton tube length 2.3 cm and a thickness of 1.5 cm

They need to moisten in hydrogen peroxide and paste into the nasal passages. Again, hard to hold his nose with his fingers to squeeze as much as possible to the mucous turundy.From the compression so the vessel ceases to move blood, and formed a small clot. In order to avoid damage, wool from the nose to pull out very carefully, but always through 1-1,5 hours. But if the installation turundas no effect has not given, the blood infused into cotton wool and not going to stop, you should call a doctor. It is possible that swabbing the nasal cavity, and this can only make educated otolaryngologist.

Nosebleeds in itself does not occur, it triggers something.

Statistics show that in this sense, the most dangerous hypertension. Blood pressure becomes so high that the vessel walls do not stand up and lose their integrity. In this case, the blood will not stop until until it normalizes blood pressure. The majority of hypertensive patients know what helps them most quickly – usually korinfar, nifedipine and fenigidin. These synonyms refer to the same drug that expands blood vessels and thereby reduces the pressure. This effect is very easy to achieve if we put one tablet under the tongue.

When all have left behind

It is necessary to analyze the situation and draw conclusions. Because bleeding is an indication that hypertension is not treated properly. Therefore, we should see a doctor for correction therapy. Inflammatory diseases of the nasal cavity is also very often cause bleeding. If they become regular, then necessarily have to apply to the ENT doctor. If necessary, the survey should be continued further. It should pass the blood – "blood" of the problem, too often manifest themselves epistaxis. And maybe they are provoked by hypovitaminosis, particularly pronounced deficiency of vitamins C and K will help to make up its vitamin, which in this case and will be the mainstay of treatment of bleeding.

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Snore, sopyat and displays at night roulades about 30% of earthlings.

Because of what appears snoring and can get rid of it?

Our expert – Head of Department of Pathology of the nose and pharynx FGI Research and Clinical Center of Otorhinolaryngology Health Institute, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Mikhail Nikolaev.

The mechanism of snoring like playing the wind instruments. Small tongue of the passage of air through the airway to vibrate and creates a "melody".

The causes of snoring abound. Most of "guilty" disease of the nasal cavity – a runny nose, adenoids, polyps, crooked nasal septum. Accompanies snoring and diseases such as chronic pneumonia, asthma.

With complaints of snoring is often full of people treated with a short neck and a large tongue. Because of the fat beneath the mucous membrane of the pharynx and nasopharynx, because of the thickening of the small tab appears narrowing of the respiratory tube. The air passes through the narrow airways with sound, which can reach 90 decibels. With so much noise the engine is a truck.

The problem of Family

In recent years, scientists have found that snoring – a phenomenon nebezobidnoe, as was previously assumed.

Sleep snoring person becomes disabled, broken. Constant lack of sleep impairs performance, reduces the speed of reaction. All this can be very undesirable and even dangerous consequences, especially if the person is driving or working in hazardous occupations.

Snoring is often a hidden cause of family conflicts, and sometimes even divorce. Not only that the spouses have to sleep in different rooms. Nevysypanie, low efficiency gradually lead to the fact that the husband is unable to support their family. Moreover, oxygen starvation of tissues caused by snoring, can contribute to the development of impotence.

Disturbing silence

15% Khrapunov noted apnea – breathing disorder during sleep.

Most wrong notice similar to waking up at night, are surprised that, instead has become already familiar snoring in the room is becoming a dead silence. Apnea occurs when a person is immersed in a deep sleep, nose and throat muscles relax, one of the exhalations airway completely "fall off". For the body is – an extreme situation. The nervous system responds to increased carbon dioxide in the blood, the brain instantly sends a signal to the muscles: stretch! Skip the air! Breathe! "This man does not wake up completely, but only" podbuzhi-Vaeth. Dream becomes superficial, fragmentary. In the morning have to get up dull, broken, though after a sleepless night. Daytime sleepiness, heavy, like a hangover, head, red eyes, irritability – symptoms of this condition.

Each stop breathing – heavy stress, which is accompanied by a jump in blood pressure. Apnea threatening heart rhythm disturbance, stroke, myocardial infarction.

If the number of stops breathing for an hour does not exceed 15-20 indicate mild sleep apnea, more than 40 – about heavy. Sometimes there are patients who sometimes up to 400 or even 600 stops breathing during the night.

In the West, the number somnologicheskih societies dealing with sleep, growing by leaps and bounds. In Berlin, for example, turn to the well-known professor, owns a snoring patients, stretched more than a year.

Celebrate World Congresses on snoring. Several years ago the Commission on Health of the U.S. Congress heard a report, called "Wake up, America!". It was precisely on the syndrome of sleep apnea. It is estimated that the disease costs the country $ 16 billion a year, this amount includes not only the costs of diagnosis and treatment, but also pure economic loss.

How to get to the truth

Where contact snorer? The most complete survey – it is called a polysomnography – you can go in one of somnologicheskih laboratories.

The man at the time of this procedure is asleep, and attached devices record the stages of sleep, the passage of air through the respiratory tract, body position, blood oxygen saturation level. All information is recorded and processed by computer. These laboratories are increasing, but they are mostly in large cities, and therefore not available to all. But to the otolaryngologist may request one, and often this is enough to determine the causes of snoring and start treatment.

Snoring in many cases related to violation of nasal breathing. For its restoration ENT doctors removed from the nasopharyngeal adenoids, nasal septum correct the deformity, decrease in nasal volume increased sinks. Only if the free passage of air stream through the nasal cavity snoring persists, conducted operations on the soft palate.

In hypertrophy of the soft palate and uvula thickening little need to expand the lumen of the upper respiratory tract and create more space for passage of air. This can be done by removing part of the soft palate and uvula. Last and least played a role in swallowing, but it is a rudimentary body, so that without him it is possible to do. A complete people first need to reduce weight then the operation would be more effective.

The arsenal, nose and throat surgeons today is not only a scalpel, but also ultrasound, laser and radio waves – all this allows to operate quickly and almost painlessly.

By the way

According to legend, a man in prehistoric times, guarding his house day and night. During sleep, he was frightened of wild animals through the terrible snoring.

Interesting

From the gag to the microcomputer. The history of anti-snoring has more than a hundred years. The first patent for the invention device against snoring was extradited to the United States in 1874. Can be assumed that such devices invented by those who suffered from snoring neighbors: is very similar to some of the instruments of torture. This, for example, dressings, which are rigidly fixed jaw; different, like the gags, pressed tongue devices; flared nostrils. Inventors offered snorer sunglasses with built-in microphone and lights, illuminated from the sound. Worth zahrapet – wake up in the bright light and you’ll have to turn over to the other side. Other construction included a microphone and the inverse signal generator that sends snoring his "symphony" in his ear.

All these methods are compared in any way do not come with the so-called SIPAP – therapy, receiving lately becoming more common for the treatment of snoring and apnea. The essence of this method is pressure breathing during sleep. Pressure level is adjusted individually, so as to prevent hypoxia. After the first session of therapy, patients wake up cheerful, cheerful. These devices are widely used abroad, but for the majority of our compatriots until, unfortunately, too expensive. Abroad, the same unusual to find elderly people traveling with small suitcase for SIPAP therapy. They never leave these devices, similar to microcomputers. According to scientists, SIPAP therapy can actually extend the life of those who use this method to be 15-20 years.

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If the pain in the ear like an electric shock, the cause of neuralgia, if occurs when pressing on the tragus – in otitis.

This year winter changeable as a frivolous girl: Frost with kaleidoscopic speed gives way to thaw. One would like to quickly take a warm hat, scarf and breathe in deeply. Here we are, and in danger of hypothermia, which can trigger the development of infection.The next morning, after a walk without luggage in the cold you can feel the pain in the ear, giving the head. Few in this case, immediately ran to the doctor, often set themselves the diagnosis themselves and begin treatment: vygrevayut, rinse, drink tablets … But the cunning of this symptom is, it is typical for different diseases, which require different approaches. So it turns out that the reason for one, and the person treats another. As a result, the disease progresses and leads to complications that are difficult to cure even a doctor. Therefore, in order not to waste precious time and immediately begin treatment, it is important to find out what it is: starting otitis, inflammation of the tooth or other causes, and take action.

Why it hurts in the ear?

Because inflammation in the ear

Perhaps this is otitis. What is a division of the ear (outer, middle, inner), began inflammation can tell ENT doctor.

What will confirm the Guess? The diagnosis of otitis media confirm such a characteristic feature: if you force the push in the tragus – protrusion of the auricle before the opening of the external auditory canal – will feel the pain. It is also possible rise in temperature, noise, and "shooting" in the ears, in advanced cases – purulent discharge from the ear.

What? If the pain is pulling, not pulsating, if there is no temperature and purulent discharge from the ear (in these cases should immediately run to the doctor), you can cure yourself. To do this twice a day (morning and at night) do a dry hot compress (a bag of salt, heat an iron and lay down on his patient ear) or put in place a cotton ball in the ear, soaked in boric, camphor alcohol or alcoholic tincture of calendula, eucalyptus. Also, always keep in the warmth of a sore ear: Any hypothermia – a step back to recovery. With a slight inflammation of these measures is usually sufficient. But if after a few days you will not feel relieved to see the ENT doctor.

What can I do? Do not assign yourself antibiotics. If the pus from the ear stems if you feel the pulsing pain in the head, in no case shall Warm sore ear!

Prevention. Otitis media is the most common complication after SARS, influenza, sore throat, prolonged rhinitis. Therefore, any cold, not to mention infections such as influenza, it is important to "stay in bed and heal until the end.

Because of caries in the tooth

"Ear" pain may be caused by extreme dental caries in the advanced stage (ie, inflammation or nerve tissue located near the tooth).

What will confirm the Guess? In favor of dental origin of pain in the ear "would say that throbbing pain, increasing with pressure on the sore tooth, and when receiving the cold and hot food. The pain may be given to the head, ear, temple and neck. And at night the pain is usually stronger than during the day.

What? Completely cure the pain in the tooth alone rarely works. Therefore, as soon as possible, refer to the dentist, which is exactly call cause pain and start treatment. Prior to the visit to the doctor can ease the condition of taking pain-pill (eg, nimesulide, ibuprofen, analgin). Not for long soothe the pain helps rinse with soda: a glass of warm boiled water, take 1 tsp.soda and a few drops of iodine. If you are a fan of natural treatments, use the "grandmother" recipe – attach to the patient tooth chopped onion or garlic. Top cover with cotton pulp. Onions and garlic – a natural antiseptic, and if a slight inflammation of the gums, they can cope with it. But all these measures do not alter consultation with a dentist.

What can I do? Can not put a hot compress on the jaw of the patient’s tooth – especially if you have already formed edema (flux). Do not rub a sore spot, dig in the tooth hard objects, touch inflamed gums hands. All this may lead to the spread of infection.

Prevention. Tooth with a hole, even if it does not hurt – it is always a potential source of infection in the body. Cavities can cause digestive problems, heart and kidneys. So do not draw back on a visit to the doctor if the problem already exists.

Because of the hoarse nerve

Give ear can trigeminal nerve.

What will confirm the Guess? The pain occurs suddenly, seizures, duration of 2 minutes. It provokes chewing, grooming, teeth cleaning, a gust of wind, a simple touch. By nature, it resembles an electric shock. May be accompanied by facial flushing, facial spasms and masticatory muscles.

What? At typical trigeminal neuralgia need medical assistance, so as soon as possible, refer to a neurologist. He will appoint an effective treatment. Usually prescribed rate (about 10-14 days), antispasmodics – medications, relieves spasms, for example, no-silos, as well as a sedative – on the basis of valerian, St. John’s wort, lemon balm. To strengthen the nervous system is useful to drink away a course of vitamins of group B.

What can I do? At the time, we must reject the exciting beverages (coffee, strong tea) and hot dishes, spices. All this may exacerbate.

Prevention. To prevent neuralgia, it is important not supercool. In some cases, to prevent trigeminal neuralgia hard, because it may be a result of injury or one of the manifestations of other diseases – cancer, herpes, again, the patient’s tooth (by the way, often appears after a bad set the seal).

What about babies?

Not immune from the pain in the ear and the smallest. "Mom, I have a sore eye" – can say a two-year baby. But grudnichok not able to tell that is causing him discomfort, he will simply cry, refuse the breast, restless sleep at night, rubbing eye on the pillow, drag a handle to your ear. Determine the cause of pain can be intensively pressed the ear tragus. If a baby is crying, it’s probably ear. To avoid complications, show the child’s doctor immediately.

Prevention. Otitis in children occurs much more frequently than in adults and greater chance of complications. This is due to structural features of the child’s ear: auditory tube they have a broader and shorter. It is important to avoid penetrating into the mucus during a cold and milk during lactation. To do this:

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According to recent statistics, hearing loss suffered every tenth person. The main cause of this disease are age-related changes.Also at the hearing loss is affected by other factors such as noise in the subway and on the streets, discos, listening at high volumes, the complications of past infectious diseases and others.

On this issue, advises the physician-audiologist Scandinavian Medical Center Avdiyenko Elena.

Loss of hearing each person individually manifested. It can be expressed as the loss of volume and distortion. Peculiarity of the development of hearing loss is that it is not immediately possible to notice, because it develops slowly, and the body gradually adapts to the problem. But at the same time, advanced forms of hearing loss are difficult to restore, and sometimes simply impossible. Brain for a long time not receiving sound stimulation, "lose the habit" to distinguish one sound from another. Even if you subsequently returned all the world’s diversity of sounds, will be very difficult to re-learning to hear. Therefore, as soon spotted the first signs of hearing loss, should not delay access to the doctor and undergo Audiology examination (diagnostics and treatment of hearing impairment).

To determine the causes of hearing loss will need to assess auditory function. To do this, the physician must conduct the tonal threshold audiometry. This is a hardware test hearing, during which the estimated function of the audio signal structures outside the middle and inner ear. Audiometer can generate pure tones of varying frequency and intensity. The patient, in turn, pushed the button tells the doctor that the sound is heard.

An important component of the examination of patients with reduced hearing loss and speech audiometry. This is one of the more common methods of subjective hearing test, which determines the percentage of words that can make out people with different volume and playback. Ideally, speech audiometry should be conducted before and after treatment.

When necessary, impedansometriya (Tympanometry) – the study of pathologies of the auditory tube, electro and Otoacoustic emission.

Remember! Timely treatment by a qualified specialist, audiologist will help not only keep listening, but at some point to restore it.

To the doctor to ask for help in case if I have the following problems:

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Nasal bleeding frequency are the most common spontaneous bleeding, and make up according to different sources of 3-5% of the total number of hospitalized in ENT hospitals.

Differences in the number and nature of nasal bleeding, ceteris paribus, between the male and female sex were observed.

Nosebleeds usually occur suddenly and may be accompanied by significant blood loss. At the heart of epistaxis is a violation of the integrity of the vascular wall or clotting disorder. Nasal bleeding can be spontaneous or induced by various injuries. Causes of nasal bleeding taken to separate local and general.

The local causes include:

The causes of nasal bleeding should include the general nature of the disease or condition accompanied by violations of the phasing properties of blood and their combination in violation of the permeability of the vascular wall:

Nasal bleeding can start suddenly, often during sleep. The bleeding is unilateral or directly from the two halves of the nose. Bleeding are of varying intensity and duration. In some cases, the blood flows slowly and stopped spontaneously, while others poured blood stream, the bleeding may continue for a long time and does not stop spontaneously.

It is important to understand that emerged nosebleeds, even in case of injury, may be the first sign of terrible diseases (eg, blood diseases), and subsequently have a debilitating recurring (recurring) course. In all cases of nasal bleeding should consult a specialist, and should begin the survey by visiting the Children’s ENT doctor, who will examine the nasal cavity, radiography appoint the paranasal sinuses.

If the cause of nasal bleeding, local, and in particular – superficial vessels in the nasal septum, a specialist may carry out their cauterization (coagulation) in various ways: electricity, laser (electro-or laser coagulation) or liquid nitrogen (kriovozdeystvie). Indications for cauterization of vessels are recurrent nosebleeds (sometimes they are repeated several times a week and bring considerable inconvenience to the patient), unsuccessful attempts to stop bleeding in other ways; pronounced bleeding, the development as a result of repeated bleeding, anemia (anemia), and exhaustion. In the presence of foreign bodies in the nasal passages, the polyps showed deleting them, etc. If common causes of bleeding, it will be assigned to various surveys, for example, blood tests, as well as additional consultation with other professionals: haematologist (a doctor for the treatment of blood diseases), pediatrician, etc.

Chronic bleeding is the cause of slowly growing depletion of the organism, the formation of anemia. If anemic immunity – reduced resistance to pathogens and constantly changing environmental conditions. Chronic anoxia causes the appearance of the pathological state, at which the irreversible changes in structure and function of most organs. Blood loss in a large volume leads to severe consequences for the organism, and in some cases to death. Bleeding can be acute or chronic. Acute hemorrhage causes rapid deterioration of the patient and in a short period of time can lead to loss of consciousness resulting from acute oxygen starvation of the brain, and in failing to stop – to death.

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It begins simply: runny nose, which makes it difficult to breath, irritated skin around the nostrils and prevent restful sleep. In such a situation, most people will go to the store and acquire a drop or spray of nasal congestion.

Usually when it comes to dependence on any drug, is meant addicted to drugs. Definitions of such a state known – this irrepressible urge to use drugs, search for any opportunities to acquire and, of course, the illegality of any activity related to the desired substance.

But there is light at the drug dependence, does not fit under one of these definitions. This is the constant use of nose drops, or, in medical terms, decongestants.

The problem, at first glance, and the problem of something called a language does not turn – think of it, drops without a prescription at any pharmacy. Besides, few people had occasion from time to time to use them as a runny nose – a piece everyday.

However, it is a simple search on the internet, and the number of relevant articles and discussion forums eloquently shows that the problem of "replanting" of nose drops for real.

It begins simply: runny nose, which makes it difficult to breath, irritated skin around the nostrils and prevent restful sleep. In such a situation, most people will go to the store and acquire a drop or spray of nasal congestion.

Medications are working well: just ten minutes breathing through the nose becomes free. And after the termination of the medication is enough to drip again and again, life being established.

After several days of constant use is that in the absence of the drug nasal congestion quickly resumed. Frustrated by the prolonged colds people continue to resort to means-tested, and after some time noticed that the drops do not work eight hours and six, then – four, and then the bottles with the drug starts to find everywhere – in the bathroom, the bedroom, in the car, in pockets at work.

And the hand is drawn to him as usual, as the hand of a smoker – a pack of cigarettes. And when you try to abandon the usual nose drops is laid down in a few hours.

That’s all you have arrived: there are dependent on decongestants, it – medical rhinitis.

How does this happen?

First and foremost it must be noted that the relationship did not cause all the drops in the nose, but only those active substances which belong to the so-called alpha-agonists: that is, Oxymetazoline, phenylephrine, ksilometazolin etc.

They act on blood vessels of the nasal mucosa, like adrenalin, that is, narrowing them. This reduces swelling and decreases the production of mucus, which leads to nasal congestion. However, the sensitivity of vessels to the drug very rapidly declining, and to achieve the same effect to increase the dose.

Besides decreasing the sensitivity of the vessels and to the most adrenaline. Therefore, in the absence of drugs vessels dilate, increasing their permeability, therefore, swells the mucous membrane of the nose and produces excessive amounts of mucus. It makes a person constantly use drops that closes the "vicious circle" of drug addiction.

How to prevent this?

Like any other addiction, drug rhinitis easier to prevent than to cure. To do this, just use the drops in the nose correctly, that is something like this:

If you have not had time to read this before you get carried away by drops in the nose, and without them no longer can, you should not continue to self-medication, and refer to ENT doctor. The specialist will choose treatment, corresponding to a particular case. It will depend on the original causes of rhinitis, the drug, as well as the overall duration and frequency of its use.

Typically, a good effect makes a change decongestants for regular flushing of nasal passages with saline water, followed by the introduction of local steroid hormones.

Modern steroids for topical use have few side effects and help restore the sensitivity of vessels to adrenalin under a short course with the gradual abolition.

If the nasal mucosa, as modified by the constant application of drops, was a hotbed of chronic infection, the doctor will appoint appropriate course of antibiotics.

In some cases, a phasing out of decongestants. You can either reduce the number of drops per introduction, or increase the intervals between infusions, or diluted with a drop of a growing volume of sterile distilled water, or combine these methods.

More rarely requires long-term application of various ointments, cauterizing blood vessels or other laser treatments.

And last (for the account, but not least): if you have noticed that some of your friends for a long time has not parted with drops of cold – let him read this.

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What kind of disease – sinusitis? And how to fight it? The history of medicine has not preserved the name of the author of the famous aphorism: "If you treat a cold, it will be held for a week, and if not – for seven days."

The author was wrong. First, the abundance and availability of drugs for a cold there are few willing to speak through the nose and sniff as much a week. And secondly, if the cold is not treated, after seven days will come no cure, and sinusitis.

The main symptom – lack of sneeze

If you believe that the body itself to cope with their problems, and colds can argue and clearly did not intend to leave you even for a second week, while a head ache a little, I will be honest – you play the game: you do not have a runny nose, and inflammation of the mucous membrane of one and even several paranasal nasal cavities (in medically – sinus).

Prolonged, intense inflammation of the lining of the nose may spread into the maxillary or maxillary sinus, adjacent to the nasal cavity on both sides. Typically, these sinuses are filled with air, but through the nasal ducts that connect the nose and sinuses and is easily penetrate pathogens. As a result, we have soiled handkerchiefs at least 3 weeks, that is 3 times longer than the common cold.

We sinusitis is one sure sign: the absence of exhausting sneeze. And from the nasal passages is allocated a thick yellowish mucus. When colds mucous discharge are generally more liquid and colorless. It is for this reason otolaryngologist always wondered color and texture that flows out of our nose.

Inflammation of the sinuses can manifest itself in a few days or even weeks after the passage of the acute symptoms of colds.

The source of infection – patients teeth

In fairness, we note that there are two pathways of infection in the maxillary sinus. This inflammation of the upper jaw. The inflammatory process at the root of the tooth quickly passes on periodontal tissue – periodontitis. And then – in areas of mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus. It develops adontogenny sinusitis. In severe cases, sinusitis is accompanied by a fetid odor from the mouth, fistula formation in the gums.

If time does not refer to a specialist, the infection can get into the middle ear, soft tissue of the orbit, even in the brain, causing severe complications: meningitis, orbital phlegmon or abscess, osteomyelitis of flat bones of the skull … So do not pull the time!

Another type of sinusitis – rhinogenous – triggered by inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx. It develops as a complication from the flu, catarrh of the upper respiratory tract, measles, scarlet fever, when the microbes are spread from the bloodstream.

Implicit symptoms

How is the disease manifests itself, moreover, that does not want to sneeze and ache a little head?

In mild cases, patients complain of a feeling of pressure in the sick sinus. In more severe – align headaches in the forehead, temple, sometimes they occupy half of the face. There is a sharp nasal congestion. In the most severe, complicated cases may be swelling of the cheeks and lower eyelids on the affected side. One of the common signs of a fever.

Additional research

To establish a definitive diagnosis of the doctor prescribes additional survey. The most informative is the X-ray. In recent years, the ENT-offices began to appear ultrasound devices for the paranasal sinuses – ehosinusoskopy. The use of these devices makes it possible to determine the degree of inflammation maxillary sinuses, the presence of liquid level, edema.These devices can reduce the number of X-ray images (and, consequently, X-ray irradiation), and in some cases to avoid diagnostic maxillary sinus puncture.

Puncture and lavage

In cases of purulent sinusitis maxillary sinus puncture carried out by washing the cavity with special solutions and the introduction of antibiotics. Sometimes, when the risk of relapse suppuration, during the first puncture of maxillary sinus injected polyethylene pipe. Through it you can repeatedly wash and to introduce drugs. The effectiveness of treatment while significantly increased and the patient less nervous: no need to psychologically adjust to two or three puncture.

Lives of such a stereotype that if you make a puncture once, then have to be subjected to it many times. This is a myth! When festering in her maxillary sinus puncture (which is performed under local anesthesia) with the introduction of drugs (antibiotics, enzymes, hormones, etc.) may relieve painful symptoms and promote early recovery. Relapse of sinusitis also depends on the held puncture, as re-imposed break from the once gypsum.

But sometimes we come to the doctor in such a state that not only conservative treatment is pointless, but a puncture will not save – needs a serious operation. It even such extremely severe cases, when due to sinusitis occur intracranial complications (meningitis, encephalitis), whereas surgical treatment is carried out in conjunction with neurosurgeons.

After such a warning in the most time to learn how to prevent it to extremes.

Preventive

Since acute sinusitis usually develops on the background of SARS, do not try to carry these diseases on their feet. We have to start treating coryza with the very first days. Very efficient washing of the nasal cavity of a 1% solution of sodium chloride, warmed to body temperature. At 0.5 liters of water takes 1 tsp salt. We need a syringe or an ordinary 20-gram syringe with worn it or silicone rubber tube.

The tip of the syringe or the end of the rubber tube type shallow in advance of the nose and, leaning over the sink, rinse each half of the nose 3-4 times. The procedure should be done 2 times a day, morning and evening. After washing can spoil vasoconstrictor drops. Thoroughly, but gently blow your nose.

Very good help when starting cold to hot foot bath, tea with honey or raspberry, burying his nose in the juice of garlic, breathing exercises.

Important as quickly as possible to ensure the outflow of pus from the sinuses. To do this you need vasoconstrictor drops (check with your doctor, what to choose: some of them are addictive – they should use no more than 5 days). It is better to use a drop of oil-based – they are staying longer in the nasal cavity and do not cause addiction. Do not interfere, and anti-histamines, anti-inflammatory drugs, some herbs.

Surprisingly, not everyone knows how to bury the drugs in the nose. If you just do it, throwing her head back, then they shall flow together in the right nasopharynx, it had no serious impact on the nasal cavity. To effect was maximal, the drop has to be entered in the right half of the nose, his head bent to the right shoulder and the left – to the left.

Our reference

Nasal sinuses are four pairs: maxillary, frontal, fundamental (wedge) and lattice. The most famous – maxillary, named in honor of the English anatomist Sinusitis. These sinuses are the largest, the volume of each of them – about 30 cubic meters. see they are in the thick of the body of the upper jaw. Form maxillary sinus resembles a three-sided pyramid. Its inner wall, adjacent to the nasal cavity has a hole that opens in the middle course of the nasal cavity.

A sinus in Latin means "cavity". And school geometry that word has nothing to do.

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Most of us belongs to a runny nose and sore throat quietly: did not happen? Otolaryngology frivolity patients do not share. Many of those on the nose and throat diseases given up, then turn out on a hospital bed.

Seven times measure, one cut it

Doctors do not tire of repeating: monitor the state of the throat and nose should be very careful. But at the other extreme fall advise.For once popular in our country operations to remove the adenoids or tonsil specialists today the ratio is ambiguous. Before deciding on this step, it is useful to weigh what more you eventually get: benefit or harm.

Especially when it comes to child. In memory of doctors many instances when surgery only aggravates the suffering of the child.It’s no secret that located in the arch of nasopharyngeal adenoids (or more precisely – pharyngeal tonsil), as well as perched between the arches of the soft palate tonsils (palatine tonsils), play an important role in the formation of immunity and are the original gate to the path of incoming air infection. Moreover, in the depths of these lymphoid formations "mature" immunocompetent cells, the opposing attackers us microbes and viruses. Doctors are unanimous: without a good reason to five or six years of adenoids and tonsils is better not to touch.

Another thing, if the tonsils with its protective role not cope, becoming a hotbed of chronic inflammation, provoking the development of sinusitis (purulent inflammation of the paranasal sinuses), laryngitis, bronchitis and pneumonia. Or so increase in size, that (in the case of adenoids) obstruct the rear openings of the nose – hoany, causing breathing difficulties. For children’s nose is a serious test. Due to constant nasal congestion and open your mouth it could conceivably come to the deformation of the facial skeleton in violation of the structure of teeth and malocclusion.

And there to otitis far. Due to the peculiar anatomical structure of eustachian tube connecting the ear cavity with the nasopharynx (the malyshni it is much wider and shorter than in adults), to get there pernicious microbes piece of cake. Most microbial infection enters the tympanum of the nasopharynx. Should child zashmygat nose, ear and start suffering. And then the hearing impairment. When germs get inflammation of the mucous membrane of the middle ear sometimes swells to such an extent that closes the ear canal, disrupting air between the middle ear cavity and pharynx, which creates a perfect environment for bacteria to grow.

Without pain and complications

In adults, inflamed, swollen tonsils (either tonsils or adenoids) – a rare phenomenon. With age, when the immune processes in the body gradually calms down, lymphoid tissue atrophies. And to fulfill its function of tonsils decrease in size. That is why in old age in yesterday suddenly begins to undergo chronic bronchial asthma or symptoms of allergic rhinitis.

And yet very much of the old problem of patients not to leave. Some suffer from permanent angina, others from maxillary sinusitis (acute inflammation of the paranasal sinuses). In such cases, two opinions can not be: inflamed, enlarged tonsils should be removed. Common concerns about the meaninglessness of such a procedure (say, cut out the adenoids were not killed, then grow up anyway) from experts raise a smile. In leading clinics and adenoids and tonsils removed in new ways. Not blindly, as before, when tied to a chair to the patient under local anesthesia almost feel cut off hapless lymphoid tissue, part of which often remained, growing and inflamed again. Now this operation done, as in the whole civilized world, under anesthesia, under the control of modern equipment, through which the doctor appeared one hundred percent review is intended to clear the ill-fated from the tonsil area.

An extensive study of patients after the blind and visually controlled and adeno-tonsillectomy, surgeons were shocked: 68-69% of recurrences occurred in the case where a man was operated on the old. And only 16-18%, when under anesthesia. Also along the way the doctor is not worth anything now apart from the tonsils to save man from other troubles – from the cyst, for example.

However, when it comes to surgery, experienced doctors advise not to rush. The operation – is the final stage of treatment. Before you go under the surgeon’s knife, you need to try all conservative treatments for tonsil and adenoids. In memory of many doctors when skillfully conducted after treatment operation is simply not needed: inflamed edematous amygdala decreased in size. This pattern is often observed in people with allergies. Enough to treat human antihistamines, and the problem disappears.

To the finish

And even better before the operation itself does not bring. How? Very simple: a burning fire or a snotty nose, throat should be treated correctly. What, according to the doctors, the vast majority of citizens is just not able. Take the same angina. Insidious disease often masquerades as diphtheria, SARS, or mononucleosis. Moreover, at the very sore throat and there are at least several varieties, which require specific treatment. Without an experienced here can not do.

For the treatment of Bluetongue, folikulyarnoy and most dangerous – lacunar tonsillitis need antibiotics (depending on whether pathogenic flora due to illness). Good effect (especially in the initial stage of the disease) may bring and use of local antibacterial agents: faringosepta, gramicidin, ingalipta, bioparoksa. But fungal angina, associated not with bacterial infection, as with the problems of immunity, can not be treated with antibiotics. In this case, you only strengthen the indolent inflammatory process. The main means of combating a sore throat – antifungal agents. It is important to immediately start gargling. And do it as often as possible. Every 30-60 minutes. This may be a saline solution containing a few drops of iodine, and ready-made pharmacy disinfectant solutions.

Certain rules are in the treatment of nasal congestion. Any, even the most innocuous at first glance, the drop does not bury his nose over a week, maximum – ten days. First, use a vasoconstrictor, and then (to reduce the secretion of mucous glands) to reliance on bonding agents – kolargolu, protorgolu. Drops of oil-based good for subatroficheskom or atrophic process (with swelling and dryness). But they should not be abused.

Get rid of a cold can not resorting to the drops. With the distractions procedures: mustard plaster on the soles and calf muscles, foot and hand (the elbow), hot baths, inhalations with menthol, validol (two tablets in half-liter of water), Eucalyptus. If you do not feel better and, despite all the measures that you continue to squelch the nose, the board of one: go to a specialist!

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