MEDICAL

American plastic surgeons argue that smoking poses a great danger to women’s beauty than the merciless sun. Under the action of nicotine is destroyed collagen and elastic layer of the skin.

Add a decrease in oxygen delivery, metabolic disturbances, destruction of vitamins … The sad result – premature wrinkles, dry skin, light yellow whites of the eyes. The voice loses sonority, gets reduced timbre, hoarseness.

Also, smoking-related:

In female smokers reduced the formation of estrogen, which leads to disruption of the menstrual cycle, menopause occurs earlier, decreasing bone density, decrease libido. The girls who started smoking before menarche (first menstruation), often getting breast cancer.

If you are thinking about the health of future children – give up smoking as soon as possible. To remove the toxic substances accumulated in the body for years, from three to six months.Moreover, if the male sex cells – sperm, updated every three months, the women’s eggs – centenarians. Their lives are calculated for years (12-55 years). During this time, they accumulate a lot of toxic substances, including components of tobacco smoke. Part of germ cells poisoned with toxins, lose their ability to fertilize. As a result, infertility among women who smoked ten or more cigarettes a day, meets two times more likely than non-smokers!

Smoking and hormonal contraceptive drugs are incompatible. This combination of 38 times (!) Increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, contributes to the development of varicose veins of the lower extremities, and even their thrombosis.

The toxicity of tobacco smoke increases many times during pregnancy, especially in the first three months. Toxins enter the blood of the fetus within five seconds, accumulate in the nervous system, heart, kidneys, violate the formation of bone tissue.

In smoking mothers, children born less weight, a third more miscarriages, six times an increasing number of premature births, more complications in the postpartum period.

Under the influence of smoking decreases the amount of milk, its quality deteriorates. Even passive smoking, or smoking occasionally is no less, and sometimes large changes in the body of the fetus.

Why is smoking dangerous to your health?

In cigarette smoke contained more than 200 harmful to human body substances. Toxicity of cigarette smoke in 4,5 times higher than the toxicity of emissions of road transport.

Nicotine affects the nervous system, causes the development of tobacco dependence. When smoking out one cigarette increases heart rate at 5-7 per minute, increased blood pressure by 5-10 mm Hg / st temporarily narrowed arteries, reducing delivery of oxygen and nutrients to all organs and tissues.

More ominous consequences for the organism due to the content in cigarettes of heavy metals and toxic chemicals, and in the lung and classical cigarettes their number the same. Do not save and filters, they only delay of toxins from the smoke, with granules of activated carbon can be separated from the cigarette filter and get into the lungs or swallowed.

Every cigarette you smoke shortens life for 6-10 minutes. Heavy smoker live for 10-15 years less. People who smoke more than 10 cigarettes per day to 40 years look ten years older than their peers.

Although nicotine creates a false impression of concentration, smokers quickly develop fatigue and decreased performance. Shown that smokers are much harder to tolerate stress non-smokers, their risk of myocardial infarction at a young age is five times higher, they suffer from peptic ulcer disease is ten times more often, they are affected leg vessels, increases blood pressure.

Passive smoking

Staying non-smoker for an hour in a private smoke-filled room corresponds to "smoking" of four cigarettes. Thus, during the eight-hour day and sometimes non-smoker "smokes" a half pack.

Children smokers inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, bronchial tubes and lungs more severe and difficult to treat, in addition, tobacco smoke can be an allergen, causing asthma attacks.

The total mass of cigarette butts on the Earth for the year is about 2 million 520 thousand tons.

Secrets of successful anti-smoking

Basis of success – the inexorable desire of the smoker. True dependence on tobacco, which is difficult to overcome, there is only 30% smokers. These are the methods offered by experts.

Method 1

1. Make the decision to smoke one cigarette per hour, or not to smoke for an hour, and then gradually increase the interval of half an hour.

2. Make it difficult for themselves access to cigarettes. Additionally wrap pack and seal it with duct tape. If you normally hold a cigarette with his right hand, holding her left.

3. Class Start smoking cigarettes, which you do not like. Buy the same time not more than one pack of cigarettes.

4. If you smoke over a cup of coffee, drink tea instead of coffee or fruit juice.

5. Begins to train his body to be in the form. Physical exercise – the best way to relax.

6. If you do not smoke one day, can not smoke another day. Try!

7. Put the money you saved on cigarettes and buy yourself something. You deserve it!

8. If you do not stand and smoke, do not worry. Some people make several attempts before they finally quit smoking.

Method 2

1. Smoke one cigarette less per day.

2. Before you light a cigarette, take a special decision and linger with its implementation.

3. Do not reject the cigarettes – always have with me one on the extreme case. You make sure that you always try not to spend it.

4. Do not stop smoking "forever". Give up smoking just for the day, then another day and day after day.

5. Designate a day when to quit, and do it.

6. Hide all associated with smoking – cigarettes, ashtrays, matches, so they do not remind you of this habit.

7. Make some chewing gum, mints or nuts and use them when you have a desire to smoke.

There is also a recipe for Unlearning smoking:

Do not wait for a long time the decision to quit. This is best done during vacation, when you can distract your favorite business, or a combination of the new phase of your life – love, new job, moving, etc.

In the arsenal of medicines wide choice, often in their composition, they contain a chemical that is close in structure to nicotine. This allows you to "fool" the body’s cells, replacing the toxic nicotine harmless chemical. Other drugs in combination with tobacco smoke unpleasant sensations in the mouth, nausea, thereby contributing to a negative reflection on the act of smoking.For a good cause all the ways are good. The main thing – it is the will and mind, and you will succeed.

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Smoking a hookah is comparable to three packs of cigarettes.

Previously it was believed that tobacco smoke in a hookah is less harmful than tobacco, as well as time to cool down in the water. However, the team of Egyptian doctors and engineers decided to see whether this really is. For this, they constructed a special device. It consists of a cylinder whose volume equals the volume of human lungs. Inside it moves the piston to simulate inhalation and exhalation of tobacco smoke. After a full cycle of the piston in the apparatus is so harmful, how much accumulates in the lungs of a smoker. They, in turn, subjected to physical and chemical analysis.

However, before proceeding to the experiments, scientists have long observed the hookah lovers to find out how much time is spent on smoking, and how long delayed smoke in the lungs after a delay. Then the received data processed and entered into the computer, which controls the above-described apparatus.

The results were disappointing, "writes Utro.ru. Studies have shown that smoking hookah tobacco normal servings (25 grams) can be equated to 60 cigarettes. To all other revealed that the temperature of the smoldering coal is more than 450 ° C. This means that the smoke passes through water, do not have time to cool to a safe temperature. And his constant inhalation of 500-600 cubic meters. cm leads to the fact that the lungs lose their elasticity, and cease to grow effectively get rid of harmful substances.

The results of studies of Egyptian scholars, as well as their new machines are already interested in some of the country. New data from disturbed and the World Health Organization.Because of this, many were quick to call it the beginning of the fight against smoking a hookah in the world.

Beer alcoholism

Beer is progressing as a fashionable drink of the "cool" image. All this leads to the fact that the beer start to abuse it, use it as a substitute for any other options to quench your thirst.

Beer is a natural alcoholic drink, which contains a large number of compounds formed during fermentation and moving it from plant material. The main components of beer are water (91-93%), carbohydrates (1,5-4,5%), ethanol (3-7%) and nitrogen-containing substances (0,2-0,65%). Other components are denoted as minor. Ethanol is coming to an organism with a beer does not have a dehydrating effect, due to the high content of water in this drink, in other words, the use of beer, unlike vodka, you can not inject a lethal dose of alcohol.

However, it should be noted that in recent years on the market of alcoholic beverages is a new kind of beer with high alcohol content – up to 12% (strong beer). Use of this beer in the same amount as usual, of course, entails a chain of negative effects resulting from concurrent toxic effects of alcohol and other biologically active compounds.

Most people remember that at first they did not like the taste of beer, they soon found it disgusting. However, drinking was seen as a symbol of adulthood. If the newcomer had the audacity to declare that there is no pleasant taste in characters, the old men told him: "Do not worry, soon you will like it." But as long as people do not make me a few times to pour beer down his throat, he did not learn how to evaluate its taste.

Many beer lovers refuse to drink nonalcoholic beer on the pretext that he had good taste. A group of University of Virginia decided to test this assertion. As an alternative non-alcoholic beer was used popular beer containing 5,7% alcohol. The test revealed that participants were unable to determine which beer contains alcohol are more likely than chance. Several other studies have confirmed that regular consumers of beer could not pinpoint the taste, beer is a strong, medium or very weak in alcohol content. Thus, no matter how tried to hide it pivomany, they drink beer, not for taste but for the sake of alcohol.

Some praise the Proceedings of beer you can read a reference to some WHO study that in those countries where they drink lots of beer, the level of alcohol less. Such an assertion is false for several reasons.

According to WHO, the word "alcoholism" has no precise scientific meaning, and therefore alcohol is not included in the latest edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10).WHO does not conduct research "level of alcohol", so it is not known how to measure it. The number of registered alcoholics in any country covers a minority of those people who could make such a diagnosis, and reflects mainly the national characteristics of Substance Abuse Treatment.

At the same time in the WHO documents clearly states: "Ill-ratio by the average alcohol consumption in the country and the number of people consuming alcohol in large quantities, said that the main policy objective should be to reduce levels of alcohol consumption among the general population, as well as prevention particularly risky behavior. "

Пивной алкоголизм формируется медленнее водочного. It is difficult to consider the rule. Perhaps it is formed more quietly and misleading. In Germany, where beer is traditionally consumed, suffer from a beer is alcohol abuse. Excessive consumption of beer dramatically reduces labor productivity. The damage is even from the so-called "soft" beer, because alcohol in it still exists, albeit in very small quantities. For example, not uncommon that those addicted to alcohol of regular binge begins precisely with a glass of beer, non-alcoholic beer.

It is worth noting that a person suffering from chronic alcoholism, the transition from vodka to beer, too, do not give much benefit. The body will still require a "equivalent", ie, make money to cover the amount. One patient drug treatment clinics, carrying out such a "transition", a drink a day not less than a bucket of beer. But in other cases of beer used, or alcoholics to quit drinking bout, or in the third stage of alcoholism, when the organism tolerance to alcohol decreases. But beer alcoholism treatment requires the same as vodka and wine. First of all, you need to renounce forever the use of beer.

Drug dependence

Drug addiction – a syndrome that develops in the use of psychotropic substances. Which Medications its cause?

Characterized by a pathological need for acceptance of such substances in order to avoid the development of abstinence or mental disorders and the state of discomfort arising from the termination of their admission or the introduction of antagonists of these substances.

Ability to cause drug zavisismost have not only the drugs with psychotropic activity (eg, narcotic analgesics, tranquilizers, stimulants, barbiturates, cocaine, etc.), but some of psychoactive substances and products (such as Indian hemp drugs, hallucinogens, organic solvents and etc.) that are not used as medicines. In this regard, the term "dependence" is often used without definition of "drug", pointing at the same time substances from drug dependence (eg, dependence caused by morphine, codeine, alcohol).

The syndrome develops after repeated administration of psychoactive substances in the body and the typical clinical picture of substance abuse. However, the use of the term "dependence" instead of "addiction" and "substance abuse" inappropriate for the following reasons. First of all, drug addiction is only one component of the overall clinical picture of these lymphoma entities. In addition, there are psychoactive substances (Nalorphine, tsiklazotsin), which have the ability to cause symptoms of drug dependence, but do not become the object of abuse and did not lead to the development of the drug addiction or substance abuse.

There are mental (psychological) and physical drug dependence. When mental drug addiction caused the discontinuation of its substance is accompanied by emotional and psychological discomfort. Its sign is also a desire to receive a substance that may become an obsessive nature and sometimes becomes irresistible. When the physical drug addiction caused the cancellation of its substance or drug leads to the development of an abstinence syndrome, which manifests itself along with mental various autonomic-somatic and neurological disorders.The development of an abstinence syndrome may be due to the introduction of antagonists of substance, causing physical dependence. The clinical picture of withdrawal and its course is largely determined by the type of drug causing dependency of psychoactive substances, duration of its use, the size of the doses administered, etc.

The formation of drug dependence is often accompanied by the development of habituation, which is especially pronounced in case of abuse of morphine and other narcotic analgesics.However, in some cases, despite the formation of a distinct pattern of drug dependence, addiction develops slightly (for example, the abuse of drugs of Indian hemp, cocaine).

Mechanisms of the syndrome of drug dependence are poorly understood. The basis for the formation of the psychic drug dependence is, obviously, the ability of psychotropic substances to change the mental state of a person, because many of them (narcotic analgesics, stimulants, sedatives and sleeping pills, tranquilizers, alcohol) influence mood, perception, thinking, cause euphoria, reduced anxiety, fear and tension. In this regard, a determined group of persons because of predisposing psychological, biochemical, genetic, social and situational factors may form a definite need for readmission of a psychoactive drug to achieve a comfortable state of euphoria or reduce fear, anxiety, alarm. Extreme form of such requirements is to create an artificial craving for psychoactive compounds with the subsequent development of drug abuse or addiction.

The emergence of the psychic drug dependence may occur during a medical appointment nevrotizirovannym psychotropic drugs to patients and persons anxious suspiciously warehouse, which in situations that cause negative affective reactions, after completion of treatment have resorted to self-acceptance of any psychotropic drugs to deal with such reactions, which leads to the development of the abuse of these drugs (by reflex mechanism).

Thus, the emergence of the psychic drug dependence can largely be attributed to the formation of a conditioned reflex stereotype, in which reception of the psychoactive substance helps eliminate the psychological discomfort or cause a positive emotional state. The physiological basis of reinforcement of the conditioned reflex stereotype is, apparently, change under the influence of psychoactive substances function of brain systems of positive and negative reinforcement.

In the development of physical drug dependence in addition to conditioned reflex mechanisms play an important role, perhaps, adaptive responses associated with changes in the organs of the number and sensitivity (affinity) receptors, which interact with psychotropic drugs such as opiate receptors in the action of morphine substances, benzodiazepine receptors during the action of benzodiazepine tranquilizers number etc. In addition, under the influence of psychotropic drugs in the body can change production of endogenous substances (ligands) that interact with the same type of receptors, which interact and psychotropic drugs.

We know, for example, by systematically receiving morphine in the body occur pronounced changes in the content of endogenous opioid peptides, and while taking amphetamine and other stimulants increased exchange of catecholamines and changes the content of cyclic nucleotides in the central nervous system. Termination of the introduction of psychoactive substances above adaptive changes in neurotransmitter systems, leads to the development of an abstinence syndrome to clinical manifestations characterized by the opposite effect is caused by drug dependency of psychoactive substances. Thus, when morphinism for withdrawal syndrome characterized by pain, intense salivation, diarrhea. Cancellation of barbiturates in developeiy drug addiction leads to convulsive reactions, the removal of tranquilizers – an alarming state, etc.

In broad terms, the phenomenon of dependence on drugs can develop in the pharmacotherapy of several diseases with chronic or progressive course of modern highly effective drugs, and occur in virtually all cases of substitution therapy.

However, this kind of drug dependency is different from the dependency syndrome that develops in the clinical picture of substance abuse, primarily by the fact that the lifting of a drug used for the pharmacotherapy of the disease, leads to its aggravation, not to the emergence of withdrawal, characteristic of the physical dependence on psychotropic drugs .

For example, the abrupt withdrawal of glucocorticoids with their dependent forms of bronchial asthma with a rising and worsening of her seizures, the abolition or reduction of doses of insulin and other antidiabetic means for patients with diabetes – the development of hyperglycemia until hyperglycemic coma, abolition of antianginal tools – drill flow of coronary heart disease and sometimes the development of myocardial infarction.

In all of these and similar cases, dependence on drugs is determined mainly by their high therapeutic efficiency with the relevant disease and not a consequence of non-medical use them to influence the mental processes.

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How not to get at risk?

Recently, this problem has become a real disaster. Not long ago, a similar phenomenon in the domestic psychiatry was considered exotic and was regarded more as a habit than the disease. When slot machines and casinos have become our common, the situation changed. With the advent of a new potent psychological testing in the metropolitan centers and clinics were pulled hundreds of would-be players and their affected relatives. Forecasts specialists are pessimistic: if in the near future the government will not take control of the growth of gambling in our country, the ranks of local gamers will steadily grow.

Forums – inheritance emotionally immature people

Distinguish pathological gamblers from simple amateur spread to kartishki easy.

In order to stop and stop the game, the ordinary man enough to play once. A person with a pathological addiction to gambling is no such brakes. The usual logic of motives gamers can not be. It does not stop any big loss, no dizzying debts. Contrary, the more these debts, the more it pulls his revenge. Any price. Love, food, sleep – everything goes into the background.

It is important for the possessed not so much the result (and not even win as such), but the process of the game, to feel that sharp taste of risk, which in everyday life it is not available. And in order to satisfy his passion this player is ready to go at all. Listening to the confession of his patients, an experienced psychiatrist concluded: pathological passion for the game – often the lot emotionally immature, psychologically dependent persons, those who in childhood or nedolyubili or too heavily patronized. This rather large group of gamers director of the Moscow Center psihoendokrinologicheskogo Stepan Matevossyan calls children. The desire to play for them – a way to escape from the boring routine.

There is a psychological classification of players and other special groups, where driving is a completely different motive – an overwhelming, destructive sense of guilt that the players-masochists sneaked through life. And the defeat saw as a way to self-punishment.

They say that this motive operated gambling passion Dostoevsky, came over him after the mysterious death of his father, in which the great writer blamed himself. This oppressive feeling and led to his pathological addiction to the card game, brilliantly described by Dostoevsky in his novel "The Gambler". Game to self-torture, until then, "not yet lost all, until it was completely destroyed, while the demon would not leave his soul, giving the place a creative genius."

Get rid of gambling dependence as hard as a drug

Igromaniya spares neither young nor old, neither rich nor poor. And is on par with such severe mental disorders like kleptomania (stealing pathological), pyromania (a passion for arson) and trihotikomaniya (a passion for pulling his own hair).

For treatment of patients with gambling addiction psychiatrists are reluctant to undertake. Ward of harmful gambling, according to experts, as hard as you remove the needle. PC gamers have very low motivation to treatment.

Without the help of relatives, and then the specialist here will not do. The hardest thing – to hold the first three months, do not bring himself to touch the cards, do not go to the casino.Hardly having lost the object of his passion, gamers experiencing a real break-up: becomes irritable, restless. Up to thoughts of suicide.

In America, these patients at the time of hospitalization in the treatment of neurological department of mental health clinics, and after discharge the patient yesterday for quite a long time visiting sessions of psychoanalyst and special self-help groups organized by those who from habit managed to escape.

We have medical facilities, where taken for treatment of such patients can be counted on the fingers. There is no any effective local treatments gambling disease does not exist.Psychiatrists had to invent our own methodology. Its essence – suggestion, suggestion of persistent aversion to the game. Antiigornoe coding takes place in a specially equipped room, which at the time of the session turns into … a real casino. With light, the dealer (their role is performed by nurses), these rates (which are returned after the session for health insurance).

- Is important for us to immerse the patient in the atmosphere, which provokes his illness, to discover the unconscious motives of his illness and, then, that have been learned, to work, – explains Matevosian. - In fact, to heal gamers, takes from two weeks to several years. Everything depends on the individual patient and on how far gone his illness. Cure rates are generally low. Often would-be players lose money, even those who by hook or by crook, collected for treatment. Those who still managed to extricate himself, his passion about yesterday’s recall with a shudder. And no more of that do not play. Even harmless "fool".

Check yourself

Experts note the following psychological and physical symptoms of pathological gambling:

If you had noticed similar symptoms, you should immediately contact a specialist. It is too late.

By the way

Its leading position in the European empires excitement of Britain. Average British family spends on compliance with the passions of 3.5 pounds per week and the gambling industry, employing 100 thousand people, draws 7.2 billion pounds of net income, prior to passing the treasury 1.5 billion pounds in taxes. As a result of all this business of the country had different estimates 275-370 thousand people, which can not exist without the game, as drug addicts – without a pinch of cocaine. Concerned with this situation, British parliamentarians have proposed to impose a new additional gambling tax. The money is expected to put on the financing of public organizations and groups to help "igrogolikam. For the same money is expected to conduct research on gambling addiction.

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As the most common bad habits can undermine your health?

Experts believe that the most seemingly innocuous actions can lead to the development of various diseases.

Nose-picking

This habit is more or less characteristic, sadly, practically everybody. She even dedicated to research and come up with the name – rinotilleksomaniya.

- However, if you constantly about and no reason to clean your nose in this way can damage the nasal mucosa and cause bleeding, to carry infection – prevents doctor Otolaryngologist Elena noise.

Picking fork in his mouth

It is this habit, from which the dentists come to dread. - Forks, matches, toothpicks, and even injure the enamel and can damage the gums, – says member of therapeutic stomatology MMA them. Sechenov, PhD. honey. Science Svetlana Mala-husband. - As a result of dental problems are provided. If you want to release from food residue interdental space, use a special thread for teeth – floss.For the same reasons, can not bite nuts, bite your teeth and open the bottle thread.

Constant rumination

Chewing gum should be used after a meal, if you do not have a toothbrush, but not longer than 10 minutes, say dentists. Chewing stimulates the production of gastric juice, which makes an empty stomach "to digest" itself. In addition, the constant chewing can traumatize the joint connecting the upper and lower jaws – and then you simply can not normally open (or close!) Mouth.

Cleaning the ears of the materials at hand

- If you clean your ears matches, pins or toothpicks, you may encounter several problems, – says Elena noise. - Too often irritating the skin inside the ear, you amplify the work of sulfur glands inside forms sulfuric cork. As a result, deteriorating hearing. If sulfuric congestion already there, you can push it inside. Finally, it is likely to damage the eardrum.

"Hrustenie" fingers

This habit, according to British researchers, annoying every second companion. But this is not the point. His "crunch" you travmiruete own joints, and eventually they lose their mobility. If the first "crunch" your fingers do not hurt, that with age, such manipulation of the cartilage causes discomfort. And this is a manifestation of arthritis – joint disease.

Obkusyvanie nails and burrs

- The space under the fingernails – breeding ground for germs. Surely you do not wash your hands and do not scrub the dirt from under your fingernails every time you want them to chew, – says the therapist George Veselov. - So easy to "settle" in the body eggs of intestinal worms, and infectious diseases.

Very often mikroranki skin after such manipulations bleed, opening the gate for the bacteria. There are painful mikrovospaleniya. Think about the stomach – for an average of six months of regular obkusyvany you eat a nail. And this is only one finger!

Nibble the tip of a pencil

You could damage the tooth enamel, gums, put on his mouth infection and at least get canker sores. This habit is especially harmful to children. Mechanical effects of pencils, pens, markers and brushes his teeth making them uneven. The result – a broken bite for life.

Think about where you have a pencil, you are pulling in the mouth. And if you used the pen in a public place or borrowed from a neighbor? At best, they took her dirty hands, at worst – chewed up to you.

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Addiction can come in any family, any status and income. And a heavy blow to the parents is the news that their children or grandchildren are addicted.

And if we want to protect the lives and health of our children, we must always be on guard. According to experts, people who stop using drugs, even more than 10 years ago, remains an increased risk of relapse.

The big problem of the disease that it initially difficult to determine since there is formed dependent (usually it happens over a long time), the symptoms are practically invisible. According narcologist only occasionally signs of drug use appear after a short time after the beginning of use. In these cases, first and foremost there is an inappropriate reaction of the pupil to light, dry and pale skin, dull hair, weak immunity and, consequently, susceptibility to infectious diseases, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, dramatic weight loss.

At the initial stage of addiction can be identified by behavioral characteristics.

Adults should be alerted that a child often lies, sometimes denying the obvious, clearly ignoring the opinion of close friends, dramatically changing social circle: friends, peers "squeezed" strange person much older than him with whom he often withdraws and is leading the country, "encrypted" conversation. In addition, the child became sloppy and slovenly, regardless of the weather is wearing clothes with long sleeves, at the hands of traces of injections, constantly asking for money, and in ever increasing quantities. Of course, each of these attributes in isolation may serve as evidence that the teenager is using drugs, but once three or four symptoms, and even in conjunction with the fact that the house began to disappear valuables and money – is a clear signal that family appeared addict. In addition, if a child is addicted to drugs, it is hard not to notice signs of drug intoxication, as they appear quite bright.

Signs of intoxication in small or medium doses of cannabis are characterized by dilated pupils, redness of the lips and sclera of eyes, face. Man is mobile, dynamic, his speech was speeded up, hastily, verbose. A very characteristic feature of intoxication drugs cannabis is excessive appetite: a teenager can easily uplesti in one sitting half a loaf of bread or a pan borscht.

In the group of opiate drug intoxication in man narrows the pupil, therefore, in the twilight illuminated acuteness of vision is reduced. Some opiates cause severe itching, so he can regularly scratched his head, ears and upper torso. He spoke slowly, drawling, his state of drowsiness. He has at this moment reduced sensitivity: it can burn on the pan or iron, and while not quite feel the pain.

Stimulants cause dilated pupils, rapid pulse, dry mucous membranes. The addict often licks his lips, showing slightly swollen bright crimson tongue. Under the influence of psychostimulants man unusually lively, tries to do something, do not even peculiar to him earlier in creative activity (writing poetry, drawing, etc.). If an addict has enough money or drugs, he may be intoxicated continuously for several days, and all this time not sleep. If a man caught in drug dependence, it ceases to take, he comes abstinence, the language of the addict, "othodnyak" or "demolition." Feeling addict worse, the more was the adoption of the last dose. There are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache and pain in the joints.

The pain is so severe that they find it difficult to even strong and patient people who have weak they are able to cause a suicide attempt. This is a sure sign that the body can do without drugs.

Finally, the full information about the child takes drugs or not, gives the study of blood, urine and saliva for the content of these drugs. The primary test for drugs, the reliability is high enough (about 90%), now you can do yourself. Test system freely sold in pharmacies and is a paper strip impregnated with chemical and protein composition. She would do so: in the urine collected in a container teenager for five seconds before the test is lowered below the designated level. If within five minutes in the middle part of the test will see two brown-red transverse bars, the result is negative – no drugs. If you designate only one cross bar, it indicates the presence of the drug in the urine. If the strips do not, then, the test performed correctly (cause of failure can be the substitution of urine tinted water), and the procedure must be repeated. But the most accurate diagnosis would result in any municipal office drug testing, where you want to come with your child and make an analysis of his blood and urine samples for drug content in them.

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Coffee and Cigarettes – a great way to snack and cheer. But such a seemingly pleasant moments stunted one – ADDICTION.

Many women, after unsuccessful attempts to lose weight (after prolonged dieting, workouts at the gym, mystical charms), in despair, clutching a cigarette, with the thought: "If nicotine kills a horse, it is quite possible that he would kill a couple of extra pounds that have hung I was in a completely inappropriate places. "

Well, it is possible that by inserting a cigarette in your diet, you will consume fewer calories by replacing the "smoke breaks" with tea and sweet rolls these men have a smoke with the mountains of cigarette butts and thick clouds of smoke. First, you little cheerleaders sinister inscription on a pack of cigarettes, the Ministry of Health warns: smoking is dangerous to your health. "But the extra weight is not less injurious to health, besides a woman with a cigarette looks much nicer than the women with a double chin" – and you would think with a pure heart will open the first packet of poison. "

Of course, many people will defend the right of cigarettes in life ", saying that smoking helps to relax, to move away from problems or, conversely, to focus when performing mental work, increase alertness, but some felt that even a cigarette substitute food.

If you’re noticing that your teeth are suddenly turned yellow, her mouth an unpleasant smell, her hair became brittle and dull, his face looks more like a dried lemon, his voice was hoarse, his eyes always red and watery, something to play tricks heart, but also making sure that those extra pounds, sticks out from under her blouse, have not gone away, decide to quit, then that you and overtake a terrible disappointment!

You sucked. You always want to keep in the hands of this little "magic wand".

The body expects and requires of its dose. Remember how hurt when you’re on a diet want to eat candy or cake, but can not, and the disappointment you grab all the candy in the house and eat all at once. Also your body will act in the case of cigarette smoke, it will require each of the usual dose of nicotine, complaining inattentive owner. You become more irritable and feel much worse and just try to stifle the desire to smoke a cigarette, for example, a couple of chocolates or cakes with cream.

And the most sad and unwelcome news – after giving up smoking, you suddenly become a rapidly gain weight. Think of it, statistics show that on average women who quit smoking gain weight from 7 to 10 kilograms. The whole point in lipid metabolism. From nicotine it changes. And the digestive system, which has changed dramatically over time, smoking will not be able to recover in a short time. So instead of a diet that you followed before you started smoking, you have to survive two.

Consequently, smoking is significantly "out with" your nervous system. After all, in fact, smokers live by faith alone in the cigarette, in that it will reach the desired state. Getting rid of cigarettes, you’re ready to "break out" by anyone, even a slight connection. Moreover, the probability is high that your dream will turn into a painful fall asleep in the evening and no less painful rise in the morning. Nervous exhaustion sooner or later will make itself felt.

And if you look at the problem more fully? Performance statistics do not grow in favor of smokers. It would seem that only a few cigarettes smoked per day can lead to such terrible diseases as stroke, cancer, lung cancer.

Should I continue?

So, if you still have started to smoke, hoping to get rid of extra pounds, unconditionally drop. Plump rosy cheeks and curvy figure much more pleasant than shriveled and yellowed face mottled body disease.

And if you can not put up with being overweight, and besides, unhappy that began to gain extra pounds, quit smoking, be active, move more, adjust your diet. And remember that no "magic wand" will not become a queen! Only your own persistence and desire to be charming and attractive shape will help maintain the excellent and invaluable health.

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There is an erroneous view of the "favorable" effect of alcohol on the processes of assimilation and digestion, as well as his "healing" properties, such as peptic ulcer.

Meanwhile, the abusers of alcohol, often develop diseases of the digestive system that occur are usually hard, leading to serious complications.

Is it true that alcohol can cause pancreatitis?

In 65% cases it is possible to trace a direct link between long-term intake of alcoholic beverages and cancer of the pancreas. That alcohol is considered one of the most frequent (80%) the causes leading to the development of inflammatory diseases of the pancreas – pancreatitis.

What is pancreatitis? This is an inflammation of the pancreas due to the impact of prematurely activated pancreatic enzymes in the gland itself, leading to its "samoperevarivaniyu" and subsequent gangrene.

Pancreatitis is an acute and chronic

For an attack of acute pancreatitis the absolute amount of alcohol taken is not decisive, as however, and the type of beverage. First drink may be the last, because, despite the considerable achievements of medicine, prognosis is always serious, conservative treatment is ineffective, and mortality from acute pancreatitis, and today remains high.

For acute pancreatitis is characterized by pain in the upper abdomen, often herpes character. The pain may spread throughout the abdomen, accompanied by nausea, vomiting. The pain is sometimes so severe that patients lose consciousness. With all the variety of forms of acute pancreatitis, its clinical manifestations, there is one thing in common. Typically, patients indicate that before the attack of abdominal pain occurred alcohol, accompanied by a fat intake of food (pork, roast goose, duck, lamb pilaf, etc.).

Chronic pancreatitis develops as result of acute. Although observed that in 5-10 years from the beginning of alcohol first signs of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. Moreover, women in such cases, the duration of alcoholic disease is almost one and a half times shorter than that of men. Chronic alcoholic pancreatitis runs hard. It violated all the functions of cancer, showed a significant weight loss patients, one third of detected diabetes. Later can join jaundice, ascites, develop venous congestion of the spleen, quickly comes disability.

As prevention of pancreatitis can recommend good nutrition, elimination of the reception drinks especially in combination with fatty food, too much rich food, no smoking. It is noticed that the refusal of alcohol is often a significant reduction in pathological changes of the pancreas, have improved and even partial restoration of its functions. Therefore, discontinuation of alcoholic beverages – the key to successful treatment of pancreatitis.

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"Who drinks beer, he is living happily!" – Say the brewers, and our gullible people believe them unconditionally. And nothing – beer is not only joy but also big problems with health.

According to statistics, every inhabitant of our country during the year drinks nearly 60 liters of beer. Of course, up to 161 Czech and 145 liters of German we are far, but we are approaching these figures with incredible speed. This stems from the mass delusion that a beer – this is useful drink (barley contains the necessary proteins and carbohydrates) and low alcohol. If someone in your family to support his enthusiasm leads the evidence, try to draw a real picture of him and tell that the beer – it is also alcoholism, big belly, had a liver, heart problems and weakness in his bed.

The first victim – the stomach

Beer, of course, low-alcohol beverage, but still not soda, which means the unspecified quantity of ethyl alcohol in it there. Moreover, in some varieties of foam alcohol content reaches 10-14%, a bottle of beer could amount to 50-100 grams of vodka. The daily content of the esophagus, stomach and intestinal fluid of alcoholic fermentation with the elements can not affect their condition. Beer is very aggressive irritates and poisons the mucous.

In addition, when taken regularly drink foam gland, located in the walls of the stomach and producing gastric juice, first allocate a lot of mucus, and then atrophy. Digestion becomes inferior, stagnant or undigested food enters the intestine. Result – problem with a chair and gastritis. By the way, a chronic alcoholic gastritis accompanied by complaints of general weakness, depressed mood, decreased efficiency, and the bitter metallic taste in the mouth, abdominal pain, heavy feeling in pit of stomach.

Beat the liver

Alcohol is the main enemy of the liver, whose main function – cleaning the body. If we force the body to fight only with beer, you disrupt it antitoxic function. And then the liver will not be a reliable barrier to the other virulent and poisonous substances. The abuse of intoxicating drinks can contribute to the development of inflammatory processes, and even to bring to hepatitis.Moreover, chronic hepatitis beer can proceed in a hidden form, without clear-cut symptoms. If time does not stop at the beer can earn even cirrhosis of the liver.

Also the regular consumption of beer is suffering the pancreas: a drink inhibits the enzyme, and the natural process of decomposition of nutrients is disrupted.

Kidneys – medics body

The main task of the kidneys – to maintain a constant internal environment. They are involved in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance and acid-base composition of the organism.Beer violates these natural processes, because it causes the kidneys to work with redoubled force. Who ever drank intoxicating liquor, knows how quickly it makes one want to go to the toilet. Scientifically is called polyuria – enhanced urine, which is associated with the stimulating effect of alcohol on kidney tissue and increase their filtration capacity.

With such a powerful diuretic effect, beer washes away from the body important "building materials" – the micro and macro elements, particularly potassium, magnesium and vitamin C. If potassium deficiency occurs disruptions of cardiac rhythm, aching in the calves, weakness in the legs. The lack of magnesium affects the mood – the person becomes irritable, tearful, poor sleep. Due to lack of vitamin C reduced immunity, most colds occur.

In the case of running beer alcohol can happen sclerosis of renal vessels, bleeding in the kidney, heart attacks and kidney disease, foci of extinction. In the future, due to the gradual destruction of alcohol dead cells are replaced by connective tissue, the kidney is reduced in size and shrinks.

"Beef heart"

Beer is absorbed very quickly, so the blood vessels immediately overflow. If you drink beer often a lot, there is varicose veins and the heart is increased. Radiologists call this phenomenon a syndrome of "beer heart", "bovine heart" or "nylon stocking. The main body, forced every day to pump an excessive amount of fluid becomes flabby, outside overgrown fat. Become more frequent heart rate, arrhythmia occurs, pressure builds. Physical load transferred more and more difficult, there is shortness of breath. In beer alcohol increases the likelihood of coronary heart disease. A reduction in the contractile ability of cardiac muscle, increase in heart leads to heart failure. As a result – doubled the death rate from stroke.

Hormones jump

In the beer contains phytoestrogen, which is the plant equivalent of the female sex hormone – progesterone. He gets into a drink from the knobs of hops used to make beer a specific bitter taste. Therefore, the systematic use of the drink makes a discord in the work of the endocrine system.

In men, beer suppresses testosterone production. Against this background, start to dominate the female hormones that cause changes in the appearance of men: decrease the amount of hair on the body and face, decreased muscle mass, increasing breast cancer, changing timbre of his voice, there is "beer belly" and postponed the fat on the hips and waist. It turns out that a passionate lover of beer on the biological characteristics gradually turns into a woman. Naturally, such a hormonal failure directly affects the success of women in bed.

Beer vodka strife

It is a mistake to think that low-alcohol beer is not addictive. Even as the cause! There is even a separate medical term – beer alcoholism. It differs from vodka that develops in 3-4 times faster and stronger than the pull to drink.

This is partly due to certain life attitudes and habits, with the availability and ease of use of the drink. No need to lay the table, to convene a big company to invent an excuse because "drink beer" and one can – walking on the street or sitting in front of TV. From the standpoint of Addiction, pub dependence – heavy, difficult to treat alcoholism option. And to fight it much more difficult.

Most often they come to the hospital complaining of heart, liver, stomach. Doctors examining patient, establish the main cause of all misery – the excessive consumption of beer.

Opinion Specialist

By Vladimir Necessary, laboratory director of Toxicology of the National Addiction Research Center Health Institute:

- The positive effects of beer on the body is possible only at a moderate its use. However, how many circles contains a useful amount of the drink and where the line that should not go, nobody knows – all very individual. A beer alcoholism – an insidious disease. Lovers of beer gradually become accustomed not only to the intoxicating effect of alcohol, but also soothing nerves sedative properties of the drink. Pleasant relaxation want to repeat again and again, so the dose must be increased. Drinking beer like this is steadily becoming vital.

When should I start to sound the alarm

Help wean

If someone from your family suffered this misfortune, you can manually try to help him. Here are some simple tips.

Do not be silent! To start, try to talk to someone on the souls. Prepare thoroughly: study on possible diseases in the abuse of beer, look for stories and interviews doctors, examples of the effects of alcohol beer (disability, degradation, death), you can even video from the Internet. Ask someone that he listened to you, without interrupting. Emphasize that you are not against alcohol at all, and that you are concerned about the amount they consumed each day. This is not the most pleasant conversation, because people do not like to admit their weaknesses. Be patient and try to find out the reason the beer was his best friend. If he has any problems, offer assistance.

Distraction! Try to take a person with something interesting. Suppose he will not have time to think about drinking. Walk to the movies, theaters, museums. At the weekend get out fishing, hunting. Organize a small trip to some beautiful town. You can also do sports. For example, a friend after work, go to the gym.

Cunning! If your boyfriend has learned to consume beer in nemerenyh quantities in the company of friends, try to make sure that it is rarely seen with these amateurs amber beverage.

I will dare! Try to set an ultimatum – either you or she (the bottle). Do not Fold the stick. And it all could end up not in your favor.

Persuade! The most reliable way and yet the most difficult – is to see a specialist – narcologists or psychologist. Of course, it is very difficult to convince people that he needed medical attention. Only with your support and care can coerce him to take an important decision.

Popularity: unranked [?]

U.S. scientists have found a molecular mechanism that plays a key role in the development of malignant opuholeyv lungs.

According to researchers, the most likely cause of malignant transformation of epithelial cells of the bronchi is to disable the gene FANCD2, is responsible for the destruction of cancer cells and restoration of damaged DNA.

To reproduce the conditions occurring in the lungs of the smoker, the researchers placed the cells of bronchial epithelium in a hollow tube through which passed the tobacco smoke. As it turned out, the impact of tobacco smoke condensate led to a decrease in activity in the cells of the gene FANCD2. 



Protein encoded by this gene is part of the protein complex responsible for maintaining the structure of DNA and destroy cells of mutants. With a lack of FANCD2 in the cells increased the number of chromosomal mutations, and then in healthy cells triggers the mechanism of programmed death – apoptosis. 



Under the influence of tobacco smoke increased the number of mutations in the colonies of malignant cells of lung tumors, but this did not lead to self-destruction of these cells, and they continued to actively proliferate. 



According to the study authors, smoking may have a similar effect on the synthesis of other proteins responsible for the preservation of DNA. However, the most compelling evidence of the key role of FANCD2 in the development of lung cancer in smokers is the fact that cells with high content of this protein remain fully protected from the damaging effects of tobacco smoke. 



Report on research published in the new issue of British Journal of Cancer.

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Game consoles contain hazardous and toxic chemicals, the report says Greenpeace. However, encouraged by the fact that the console manufacturers are increasingly paying attention to this problem.

Specialists Greenpeace researchers have a number of popular console: Sony PlayStation 3, Nintendo Wii and Xbox 360 Elite. All of them were bought in Europe last year and generally meet European Union standards regarding the content of harmful substances, so Greenpeace is not found in consoles, mercury and cadmium, but found a small amount of lead and chromium. In addition, all three consoles contain potentially harmful chemicals such as beryllium (contacts electrocircuits), vinyl chloride (insulation of wires), bromine (refractory material), phthalates (phthalic acid products) and others. In particular, phthalates may adversely affect the sexual development of children, especially boys, and for this reason, many countries prohibited their use in the manufacture of toys, but according to European legislation, game consoles are not classified as toys.

All three consoles contain approximately the same amount of harmful substances in general, but in different devices contain different substances. So, PS3 – the only console in which almost no bromine is used in circuits, and Nintendo Wii free of beryllium.But in both of them a high content of bromine in general. As for Xbox, is there a lot of phthalates.

Greenpeace summary: producers to be done to at least meet the European standards, requirements for toys, not to mention a full environmental safety of its products.

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